（2016•长沙）短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。 Why is clean water so ...

题型：阅读选择题类：真题难易度：普通

2016年中考英语真题试卷（湖南长沙卷）

短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。

Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent report shows that about 80 percent of diseases in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation（卫生）conditions. In those countries, women and girls spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less influences their health. In this case, there is an urgent（迫切的）need for people in developing countries to have access to（有机会或权利使用）clean water to improve their health.

Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about the importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, "You shouldn't eat with me unless you clean your hands." Her father was very angry and shouted at her, "It's not up to you to tell me what to do!"Stunned（目瞪口呆的），Hadjara sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest,Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjara's head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughter's intentions（目的）. The girl really wanted her family to live longer and healthier lives.

For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, especially improve their health. So, from now on, let's avoid wasting water and take action to save water, which is important to people all over the world.

（1）、According to the recent report, poor water and low sanitation conditions can cause .

A、traffic problems B、forest fires C、many illnesses

（2）、The key to improving people's health in developing countries is in Paragraph 1.

A、to get clean water B、to exercise often C、to refuse drugs

（3）、What can we infer（推断）from Paragraph 2?

A、Hadjara laughed at her father's foolishness. B、Hadjara refused to eat dinner that night in order to lose weight. C、Hadjara's father understood his daughter's love and care for him later.

（4）、The underlined word "protest " in this passage means .

A、抗议 B、保护 C、节约

（5）、The purpose of the writer is to .

A、teach people how to wash hands B、call on people all over the world to save water C、show developing countries rich in clean water

举一反三

    Photography is about taking photographs. In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photograph.
The next important date in the history of photograph was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another Frenchman, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
    Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
    In about 1840, the process was improved. The photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to carry lots of films and processing equipment(设备). But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States.
    Mathew Brady was a well-known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life-like and full of personality. Brady was also the first person to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and destroyed cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
    In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photograph. Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls(卷). So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process(冲洗) the film at once. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later. They did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small hand-held camera made photography less expensive.
Photography is also a form of art. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
Title: The {#blank#}1{#/blank#} of Photography

Photography doesn't only mean taking photographs; it is also a form of art. Photographs showed not only the real world, but also the ideas and feelings.
In 1826	A Frenchman named Niepce invented a very simple camera and the first photograph was {#blank#}2{#/blank#} by him.
In 1837	Another Frenchman Daguerre invented a kind of photograph called daguerreotype. People could see{#blank#}3{#/blank#} things in the pictures.
In 1840	The photographers could take pictures of people and moving things with lots of films and processing equipment.
In 1862	An American photographer Brady took many pictures of real and {#blank#}4{#/blank#} things in the war. He was the first person to take war pictures.
In the 1880s	There were films readymade in rolls(卷). Photographers did not have to carry lots of equipment any more. The invention of the small hand-held camera made photography{#blank#}5{#/blank#} .

    When we talk of plants, most of us will think of things that grow from the ground and have green leaves, but there are plants that do not look or act like other plants. Some of these belong to a special class of plants called fungi.
    Fungi may appear almost everywhere. They commonly grow in wet places where they call get food and water easily. Because fungi do not have green leaves to make their own food, but fungi must take their food from animals, other plants or water. Some fungi live on dead or rotting（腐烂的）wood, while others grow on living trees or in dirt or moss（苔藓）. Mushrooms（蘑茹）are the best-known fungi.
    There are many kinds of mushrooms appearing in all shapes and sizes. For example, cauliflower（菜花）mushrooms are found in forests from July to October．They can grow to be as heavy as fifty pounds! They grow at the foot of trees Squirrel's（松鼠）bread is another kind of wild mushroom Its appearance and use Call explain its name. These fungi look like small golden cakes Squirrels can easily eat them or carry them off to their hole to eat later.
    The mushrooms found in food stores are carefully grown by people who know they are safe to eat. People are warned never to touch of taste wild mushrooms because some of them are deadly. Even less dangerous ones cart still make a person very sick..

阅读理解

Techeng Island(特呈岛)lies in the southeast of Zhanjiang. The villagers there used to make a living by fishing. But now, most of them make much money by doing business. They believe that their island is a gift from nature and they give thanks to it every day. In 2003, President Hu Jintao came to visit the island and pointed out that the government of Zhanjiang should take the is land into a "civilized new ecotourism island"(文明生态旅游新海岛). Since then, the island has opened a new page in history.

Today, the island has become a popular place for tourists. It takes you about 15 minutes to get there by boat from Maxie Pier(码头)near Haibin Park. But it is a just 8minute boat ride from Zhanjiang Port Pier. In the resort(度假村), you can not only enjoy the fantastic sights but also have a lot of interesting things to do, like walking on the beach, visiting the museum and enjoying the delicious seafood. The best way to relax yourself is to enjoy the hot springs(温泉)there.

Welcome to Techeng Island! It's a place to visit!

阅读理解

In ancient Chinese stories, the moon is home to Chang'e and her pet rabbit Yutu. Now, Chang'e and Yutu are really there!

On Dec. 2, 2013, the Chang'e-3 lunar probe（月球探测器）took off from Sichuan, China. On Dec. 14, 2013, it landed successfully on the moon. Several hours later, Yutu, China's first moon rover（月球车）, "walked" out of the probe and onto the moon.

Yutu is a big robot that weighs 140 kg. It is about 1.5 meters long and 1.1 meters tall. It has six wheels and travels at 200 meters per hour.

There are cameras on both Yutu and Chang'e-3. They can take pictures of each other. That's how Yutu got is first picture on the moon.

Yutu and Chang'e-3 will explore（探索）the moon.

Yutu can walk around and work for three months. It can look for natural resources（资源）on the moon. Chang'e-3 can work at the landing site for one year and it can watch the space from the moon.

They both get energy from the sun. So they "get up" to work when the sun rises, and "go to sleep" at night.

China is now the third country in the world to soft-land on the moon after the US and the former Soviet Union.

Also, China is planning to send its Chang'e-5 lunar probe around 2017. The probe will fly back to the Earth and bring natural resources from the moon.

When will China fly a human to the moon? There's no plan yet. But the door is now open.

阅读理解

RIVER DOLPHIN RUNNING OUT OF TIME

The Yangtze dolphin is the only kind of dolphin that lives in freshwater all its life. Scientists say that the finless freshwater dolphin that has lived in the Yangtze River for over 20 million years, will die out in 15 years. It's in danger of disappearing forever.

Dangers:

Dredging(挖掘) of their habitat

Heavy boat traffic in the Yangtze River

Insecticide(杀虫剂) and mercury(汞)

阅读理解

A few years after World War Ⅱ finished, scientists spoke with great eagerness about the use of nuclear power as a source of energy. Within twenty years, they said, nuclear would take the place of coal, gas and oil as a source of power at home and in industry. This promise has never been carried out(兑现)and there are serious doubts that it ever will be. Nuclear power plants are used to produce energy in some wealthier countries, but the cost is high.

Although safety measures have been taken, radiation leaks have taken place and workers have been killed or affected. The problem of getting rid of the nuclear waste has proved most difficult. There is a limit to the amount of waste materials which can be buried in the ground or poured on the sea-bed. These methods may also cause more problems. Waste materials polluted by radiation may remain dangerous for 200 years or more.

It is no surprise that scientists have now turned to the sun and the sea as sources of power. The sun shines day after day almost wastefully, providing us with energy far be yond all our needs.

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