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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

江苏省2020年高考英语全真模拟试卷九

阅读理解

    As autumn slides into winter every year, many birds in Europe and Asia pack up and fly south to sun themselves in the tropical(热带的)African sunshine. When spring rolls around, they return to the temperate Palearctic zone(古北区,欧亚非北部)to mate and raise their children. Researchers wanted to know why these long-distance fliers do not get travelers' flu.

    "When we go abroad on holiday, we need all sorts of vaccinations," says Emily O'Connor, an ecologist at Lund University in Sweden. "But birds don't have the option of drug protection. It puzzled us: How is it they can cope so well with something so difficult for us to cope with?"

    To find out, O'Connor and her colleagues classified more than 1,300 songbird species as migratory(迁徙的), sedentary(不迁徙的)African or sedentary Palearctic—an example of the last is the meadow pipit. They then trapped wild birds from a representative group of 32 species, taking blood samples for genetic analysis. The researchers were looking for genes that encode(把…编码)a class of immune system proteins called MHC-I, which are involved in recognizing pathogens(病原体). The greater the number of such genes, the more kinds of pathogens an animal's immune system can detect, O'Connor says.

    By this measure, sedentary African birds had the strongest immune systems. Because most Palearctic birds first evolved in the tropics and later spread northward, the researchers suspect these species developed less MHC-I diversity. The results were published in May in Nature & Evolution.

    "Migratory birds, because of the lifestyles they have, have to deal with two separate sets of pathogens," O'Connor says. "I was expecting them to have the highest gene diversity of all the groups, so I was really surprised to find it was really similar to that of the European birds."

    Young birds are ripest targets for pathogens just after hatching, and the stress of reproduction makes their parents more likely to get sick then, too. For both reasons, O'Connor suspects that evolution may have pushed migratory species to favor genes associated with resistance to pathogens common in the north, where they are born, at the expense of those that protect against tropical germs(病菌).

    Alternatively, migratory species may have invested in other forms of immunity that are not pathogen-specific, says University of Exeter evolutionary biologist Camille Bonneaud, who was not involved in the study. "We now need to further explore whether migratory species invest less in fighting pathogens," Bonneaud says, and "more in other types of immune processes."

(1)、The example of humans' going abroad mentioned in Paragraph 2 is to introduce ________.
A、the issue confusing the researchers B、the topic on migration of songbirds C、the cause of songbirds' fighting flu D、the difference made in vaccinations
(2)、According to O'Connor's study, migratory species may ________.
A、sacrifice some immunity to favor another based on reality B、evolve into the advanced groups with less MHC-I diversity C、develop best immune systems due to the lifestyles they have D、contain more genes recognizing pathogens than sedentary ones
(3)、The purpose of Paragraph 6 is to ________.
A、show how evolution leads to powerful genes B、explain why the result of study is unexpected C、explore the similarities of birds fighting germs D、analyze the reasons for different gene diversity
(4)、What's the possible conclusion made about O'Connor's study?
A、Birds could handle the flu hard for human beings to deal with. B、Birds' ability to fight germs may depend on migration patterns. C、There is other possibility involved in forming birds' immunity. D、MHC-I diversity determines if birds migrate as season changes.
举一反三
阅读理解

    In the old days, children were familiar with birth and death as part of life. Now this is perhaps the first generation of American youngsters who have never been close by during of the birth a baby and have never experienced the death of a family member.

    Nowadays when people grow old, we often send them to nursing homes. When they get sick, we send them to a hospital, where children are forbidden to visit terminally (晚期的)in patients— even when those patients are their parents. This deprives(剥夺)the dying patient of family members during the last few days of his life and it deprives the children of an experience of death, which is an important learning experience.

    Some of my colleagues and I once interviewed and followed about 500 terminally in order to find out what they could teach us and how we could be of more benefit, not just to them but to the members of their families as well. We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential(潜在的)outcome.

    It is important for family members, and doctors and nurses to understand these patients' communication in order to truly understand their needs, fears and fantasies (幻想). Most of our patients welcomed another human being with whom they could talk openly, honestly, and frankly about their trouble. Many of them shared with us their great need to be informed, to be kept up —to —date on their medical condition and to be told when the end was near. We found out that patients who had been dealt with openly and frankly were better able to cope with the coming of detach and finally to reach a true stage of acceptance before death.

阅读理解

    Welcome to SummerCamps.com; find and book the very best summer camps. Your children are precious so we offer the highest quality of camps that will meet each child's needs and interests.

    Catalina Sea Camp

    Sea Camp offers three one-week sessions to boys and girls aged 8-13 and two three-week sessions to teens aged 12-17. Our hand-picked instructors create an atmosphere of fun and excitement while leading campers to a host of ocean adventures, marine(海洋的) biology, and social summer camp activities.

    Address: Toyon Way, San Bruno, California 94066

    Phone: 800-645-1423

    Camp Cayuga

    Camp Cayuga is a private summer camp for children aged 6 to 16. The camp is on a 350-acre land in the Pocono Mountains of Northeast Pennsylvania, just outside the village of Honesdale. It's a 3-hour drive from New York City and Philadelphia.

    Address: 321 Niles Pond Road-Suite ISC, Honesdale, Pennsylvania 18431

    Phone: 908-470-1224

    Camp Rockmont

    Camp Rockmont is a Christian summer camp for boys, aged 6-16, in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina. Rockmont's duty of developing boys into healthy young men is accomplished through age-appropriate skills, activities, and challenges that help campers to know themselves better.

    Address: 375 Lake Eden Road, Black Mountain, North Carolina 28711

    Phone: 828-686-3885

    Primitive Pursuits Overnight Camps

    Primitive Pursuits Overnight Camps offer week-long Summer Adventure Overnight Camps in New York's Finger Lakes to your children aged 11-15. Campers experience a week of nature-based skills training, inspiring challenges, and fun activities under the guidance of skilled instructors.

    Address: 611 County Rd 13, Van Etten, New York 14889

    Phone: 607-272-2292

阅读理解

    Mark is always engaged in his work. But this time he felt that it was time for him to take part in his community, so he went to the neighborhood meeting after work. The area city council woman was leading a discussion about how the quality of life was on the decline. The neighborhood faced many problems. Mark looked at the charts taped to the walls. There were charts for parking problems, crime, and for problems in empty buildings. Mark read from the charts, “Police patrols cut back, illegal parking up 20%”. People were supposed to suggest solutions to the council woman. It was too much for Mark. “The problems are too big”, he thought. He turned to the man next to him and said, “I think this is a waste of my time. Nothing I can do would make a difference here.”

    As he neared the bus stop on his way home, Mark saw a woman carrying a grocery bag, and a baby. As Mark got closer, her other child, a little boy, suddenly ran into the street. The woman tried to reach for him, but as she moved, her bag shifted, and groceries started to fall out. Mark ran to take the boy's arm and led him back to his mother. “You gotta stay with mom,” he said. Then he picked up the stray groceries while and the woman smiled in relief. “Thanks,” she said, “You've got great timing.” “Just being neighborly,” Mark said. As he rode home, he glanced at the walls of bus. On one of them was “Small acts of kindness add up.” Mark smiled and thought, “Maybe that's a good place to start.”

阅读理解

    At times my mom has been uncomfortable seeing these qualities in me. For example, when I was 12, I went to Puerto Rico all by myself to stay with my grandmother for the summer. My mom was extremely nervous about it. She kept telling me how things were different in Puerto Rico, to always put on sunscreen, not to wander away from my grandmother, and other warnings. She helped me pack and did not leave the airport until she saw my plane take off.

    But despite her worries, she let me go on my own. As I moved into my teens, she continued to give me space to grow and learn even when it might have been difficult for her. When I reached my senior year, I decided to move away for college. Once again I found that I differed from my peers: while many of them wanted to stay close to home, I couldn't wait to be out in the world on my own. While my mom may not have been happy at the thought of me going away, she was supportive and excited for me.

    One big thing I realized during my senior year, as my mom granted me more freedom, was that she actually believes in me and trusts me. That means a lot. Most of my life, and especially when I was little, the main person I tried to impress in my schoolwork or other things was my mother. I knew she expected nothing but the best from me. Sometimes it was hard to live up to her standards; getting a single B on my report card would make me feel bad because I knew she wanted me to have all A's.

    I know that her high standards have helped me stay focused on what's important, like education, and made me who I am. I am thankful for her support and involvement in my life. Most of all I respect her. She is the strongest woman I know and that's why I have turned out so strong and independent.

阅读理解

    Dodder is an unusual and unwanted plant that attacked other plants. Except for its flower, the plant looks like spaghetti, a kind of noodles in the shape of long thin pieces that look like string when they are cooked. It's almost leafless, thread-like stems hang down on top of other plants that dodder needs to stay alive. Dodder does not produce its own food. Instead, it steals food from other plants. It feeds by sucking juices from the plant which is wrapped around, often making its host very weak or even killing it.

    Dodder can find other plants by their smell. When a young dodder plant starts growing, it follows the smell of plants it prefers, like tomato plants, potato plants, or other farm crops. Unlike most plants that usually grow in the direction of light or warmth, a dodder plant will grow in the direction of, for example, tomato smell-if a tomato happens to be growing nearby.

    However, a young dodder plant must find a host plant quickly. It no longer needs its root once it is attached to the host and wrapped around it. If it cannot catch a smell of potential host within a few days, it will dry up and vanish even if there is plenty of water around. Once it finds a host, the young dodder plant will attach itself to it and start growing faster. At that point the dodder plant will drop its root.

    Dodder is thus a difficult weed to manage and a real headache for farmers. When it does get out of hand, dodder can greatly reduce a farmer's harvest or even destroy crops completely. Before sowing their produce, especially farmers in warm parts of the world often check to make sure no unwanted dodder seeds have mixed with their crop seeds. This is a good way to stop dodder plants from making their way to a crop field secretly.

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