Artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能）is the ability of a computer program or a machine to think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers "smart". John McCarthy, a scientist, came up with the name "artificial intelligence" in 1955. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as we do.

    An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs that can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地）. At present we use the term Al for successfully understanding human speech, recognizing(识别）human faces, operating self-driving cars and competing in some game systems like Chess and AlphGo（阿尔法狗）. Some people also consider AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. Professor Stephen Hawking (霍金), a well-known British scientist, was not for this kind of technology.

    Math is the basic language of AI. If we raise the standard in the learning of math, our students will be more likely to become successful AI designers in the future. We not only want bright students, but also need to attract average students and give them the math skills which are needed to change them into AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.

    Scientists hope to create creative and emotional AI which can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this fascinating field.

    Lidong usually comes on November 7 or November 8 every year. It is the Chinese word for one of the 24 solar terms(节气). It means the beginning of winter.

    As the weather gets colder and there is less sunlight, people might get sick easily. According to scientific research, adults usually have two to four colds each year, while young children suffer from six to eight colds each year, especially in winter months. One of the best ways to keep healthy during winter is to stay warm.

    There are many ways to stay warm. A living room should be around 18-21℃, and you can also use a hot water bottle to keep warm. Getting plenty of exercise is always a good idea to keep your blood moving. Food gives us energy and helps to warm us from the inside. Add some things to your winter dishes, such as pepper, ginger, and garlic. These things can make you warm. A winter coat warms you up from the outside. Add several layers(层) of thin clothing, for example, a shirt and a thin sweater, to stay even warmer. Clothes made from wool are usually very warm.

    How can you make winter days colorful? Is it too cold to play outside? Don't worry. Here are some tips for having fun at home. Give it a try!

    Enjoy a movie with your parents. There are a lot of choices, such as Spy Kids. You can also talk about the movie with your parents after it's over.

    Cook a meal with your parents. You can cook some simple dishes, such as eggs with tomato. You may need your mother's help for the first time.

    Read your favorite book. Reading is not only helpful for your writing ability, but can also help to build your character.

    Each year more than2,500 people die and 12,600 are injured in home fires just in the UnitedStates, with direct property(财产) lossbecause of home fires at about $7.3 billion every year. Every day Americansexperience tile horror(惨状) of fires, but most people don'tunderstand fires.

    To protect yourself, itis important to learn something about home fires.

    In less than 30 secondsa small flame can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire. Itonly takes minutes for thick black smoke to fill a house or for it to be inflames. Most deadly fires occur in the home when people are asleep, lf yourealize a fire, you won't have time to take valuables because the fire spreadstoo quickly and the smoke is too thick. The fire uses up the oxygen you needand produces smoke and poisonous(有毒的) gases that kill. Breathing even small amounts of smoke and toxicgases can make you tired and sleepy, and short of breath. The smoke can causeyou to be a deep sleeper before the flames reach your door. You may not wake upin time to escape.

    Room temperatures in afire can be 100 degrees at floor level and rise to 600 degrees at eye level.Breathing in this super-hot air will burn your lungs. It can melt clothes toyour skin. In five minutes, a mom can get so hot that everything in it startsto burn at once.

    Fires are bright atfirst, but quickly produce black smoke and complete darkness. If you wake up toa fire you may be blinded, confused about where you are or which direction you shouldgo in and unable to find your way around the home you've lived in for years.

    Only when we know thetrue nature of fires can we prepare our families and ourselves.

How honey is made

    In some science fiction movies, evil robots refuse to die, no matter how hard people fight back.

    Now science fiction has become science fact. For the first time, scientists have made a robot that can take a beating (挨打) and keep on going. Scientists from Cornell University made the robot, which looks like a spider with four legs.

    Until now, even the most advanced (先进的) robot was almost certain to break down when it was damaged. That is because its computer inside simply doesn't know how to make the machine work after its shape has changed.

    To deal with this problem, the scientists put eight motors (发动机) and two sensors (传感器) that read how the machine is working. They all give signals to the machine's software. Using this information, the computer can then figure out the machine's shape at any moment.

    The new technology is a big advance in robot-making, scientists say, and it's far from scary. It may someday help scientists create better artificial (假的) arms and legs and give new freedom to people who lose them. It might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.

    "It has been difficult to design robots that can work well when the environment changes or when it's damaged," says Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in US. "With this work, we are nearer to solving this problem."