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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山东省烟台市2020届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    A 2018 report found that food waste would increase by a third to 2. 1billion tons by 2030. Beyond the cost of the waste itself, thrown-away food generates a gas that contributes to climate change.

    Home delivery meal kits(盒)can reduce food waste by more than two-thirds, but suppliers need to switch to reusable packaging to make them environmentally friendly.

    Tailor-made meal kits cut waste by providing people with precise amounts of fresh ingredients(烹饪原料)for chosen recipes, meaning leftovers are minimized. But while the  delivery services score well on reducing food waste, buying the same food ingredients from the supermarket almost always saves energy overall simply because meal kits use so much single-use packaging. The good news is that if people have meals that are tailored for consumption, they won't overbuy and have less food waste. They fine-tune the amount of food to what they will actually eat.

    Meal kits can reduce transport emissions(排放)if people go to the supermarket less frequently. If people only go and buy such goods as soap and toilet paper, they may only have to visit once every couple of months. A delivery truck can carry meals for a lot of people in the neighborhood. So dozens of car trips might be replaced with one truck trip.

    However, study found that even if delivery meal kits reduced food waste to zero, they would still use up more energy overall than buying the same food from the supermarket unless the energy used for the meal kit packaging was cut by a fifth. The packaging is a killer if it's single-use and thrown away, which can make all the environmental benefits lost. But if the packaging can be reused, if it's glass bottles, like in the old days, we can get some benefits.

(1)、What can we learn about home delivery meal kits?
A、They can cut down on daily expenses. B、They will totally solve the problem of food waste. C、They can keep energy consumption to a minimum. D、They will benefit the environment with reusable packaging.
(2)、What does the underlined word "fine-tune" in paragraph 3 mean?
A、Attach. B、Adjust. C、Raise. D、Compare.
(3)、The author suggests carrying meals with a delivery truck to__________.
A、reduce transport emissions B、save more food C、shop only in the supermarket D、shorten car trip distances
(4)、What's the author's attitude to meal kits?
A、Supportive. B、Unfavorable. C、Objective. D、Indifferent.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Most students, when asked about their best graduation(毕业) gift, would probably reply, “ A car”, or “Money for a house”. Cai Kaiyuan, 21, made a difference choice. As a graduation gift to himself, he decided to work as a volunteer teacher in a distant village in Tibet.

    Cai, a student at Huan Railway Professional Technology College, at first planned to cycle from Sichuan to Tibet. It turned out cycling on a plateau(高原) was quite difficult. And it has kept changing his opinion on life. Cai's hands even became painful while cycling up a 5008-meter-high mountain, where temperatures often dropped to 18 below zero. At night, the ice covered the road and he fell off his bike three times. Little oxygen made him feel sick and weak. “At the most serious moment, I felt that was on the line,” said Cai.

    However, he also gained something unexpected. At Ya' an, a city in Sichuan, he met a group of tourists who are also university students. A girl called Wu Ling told him that she planned to work as a in a primary school in Tibet after her journey. He was impressed by the idea as she looked weak.

    It was not until he reached a family-run hotel in Shigatse that Cai's spirits began to rise. The hotel manager's two daughters enjoyed talking with him. The kids asked about his experiences on his trip, and showed him the beautiful local lakes. “They told me that they always liked to talk to guests, as they wanted to improve their Mandarin,” he said, “Their parents and many locals can only speak Tibetan.”

    Cai was moved by the girls' story. Their situation is worse and the local people have little chance to learn Mandarin because the schools are short of teacher. “1 want to do something to improve the situation for kids like them,” said Cai. His parents finally gave their agreement and his teachers also supported him.

阅读理解

    Day tripping: discover the Thames Valley by train this summer

    Footloose and fancy-free fun is what summer is all about and there's no better way to go on a stress-free day trip than by train. Here's our pick of festivals and events that are an easy hop from London Paddington.

    May 26-28

    Blenheim Palace Food Festival        Nearest station: Hanborough

    Sink your teeth into local cheeses, slurp local ales(麦芽酒)and get inspired to cook with Oxfordshire produce at live demonstrations during this annual food festival, Better still, gather some goodies and go for a picnic within its beautiful parklands. Flowers more your thing? The Blenheim Palace Flower Show also takes place here, from June 22 to 24.

    June17

    Marlow Dragon Boat Festival                Nearest station: Marlow

    Head down to the banks of the Thames early to bag a good spot to see the teams go head-to-head at this colourful dragon boat racing spectacle in Marlow. The free event, which is part of the wider ticketed Marlow Town Regatta(划船比赛)and Festival, promises to be a lively day out. There will be food stalls and free entertainment, too, to keep the cheering crowds amused.

    August 24-26

    Wokingham Festival            Nearest station: Wokingham

    Hop on the free shuttle bus from Wokingham train station to join in the good-old-fashioned fun at this charming community festival in Berkshire. Centering around Cantley Event Field, it promises a beer festival, live music, food stalls, and plenty to keep the little ones happy, from face painting to circus(马戏团)skills. Kids go free.

阅读理解

    The vast majority of green sea turtles in the northern Great Barrier Reef are female because of warmer temperatures due to climate change, which influences their sex, researchers said. Scientists are concerned populations of these animals could turn almost completely female.

    A recent study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, California State University and Worldwide Fund for Nature Australia examined two genetically distinct populations of green sea turtles living in the Great Barrier Reef. The study found that a group of about 200,000 turtles living in the northern part of the reef was almost entirely female. While the southern population was 65 to 69 percent female, females in the northern group accounted for 99.1 percent of young turtles and 86.8 percent of adults.

    After combining their results with temperature data, the scientists found that most sea turtle populations are living above the most suitable temperature. The northern green turtles have been producing mainly females for more than two decades and that the complete feminization of this population is possible in the near future, making it clear that climate change is threatening the survival of these populations.

    Dermot O'Gorman, the chief executive of World Wildlife Fund Australia, said, “That's a very visible sign of the impact of climate change. But this is a quiet change.”

    O'Gorman said more urgent action on climate change is clearly needed, adding that some conservationists have already taken practical measures, such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature, and reducing by catch in the fishing industry.

    “Shade cloth can be used in certain places, but there's a limit to the scale you can do that,” he said, “Now every large male who can reproduce is going to be even more important.”

阅读理解

    Last Thursday, Michael and Linda stood behind large food trucks distributing meals to 4,000 homeless people for their wedding reception on the border town of Kilis. The couple had decided that instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception, they would feed the victims from an earthquake-stricken area.

    The idea came from the bridegroom's father, Ted, who volunteers for a Turkish relief organization. For the past few years, the organization has distributed daily meals to thousands of people who have suffered from natural disasters. He approached a representative of the organization and suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day.

    Then he told his son, who was surprised by the suggestion, but soon won over. When he told that to the bride, she was really shocked but finally accepted because in southeastern Turkey there is a real culture of sharing with people in need. They love to share their food, their table and everything they have. And afterwards she was quite amazed about it. So, they arrived at the distribution center on Thursday to spend the day serving food and taking photographs with their grateful recipients(接受者).

    On Tuesday evening, the newly married couple were still pleased with their decision to quit a personal celebration for one with a greater good. "It's like sharing a dinner with your friends and family who have this kind of thing on a daily basis or sharing something with people who don't even have the most basic things," Michael said. "Hopefully, this will also give the start for other wedding dinners to be held here with our brothers and sisters in need."

阅读理解

    People think of cats as cute. But research published in a psychology journal calls them neurotic (神经质的) and unstable. Researchers from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and the Bronx Zoo in New York compared the personalities of domestic house cats with those of four different types of wildcats.

    To better understand their personalities, the researchers rated a number of animals behaviors on what psychologists call the Big Five human personality traits (特征).

    Domestic house cats have similar personality structures to African lions. "It's what cats do pretty much on a daily basis, things like being anxious, being timid, being excitable, being aggressive toward humans, being aggressive toward each other, "said Max Wachtel, a Denver psychologist who didn't participate in the study. "All of those are characteristics you see in those cute little house cats, and you also see them in lions."

    If you ever thought your cat was anxious, insecure, tense, suspicious or aggressive toward you, you aren't making it up, he said. If they were bigger, they probably would consider killing you.

    But the news isn't all bad: Just like lions, house cats are also playful, excitable and impulsively funny. They just aren't very predictable. One moment cats will be enjoying bell scratches, and the next they will be biting you to make you stop.

    "It is good to understand the personality characteristics of our pets," Wachtel said "Different cats have different personalities, but as a species, there are a lot of commonalities."

    The researchers also studied personality traits of Scottish wildcats and some other animals “Across the five species we assessed, personality structure was strikingly similar and also seemed to be related to other studies' findings, such as in tigers, "the researchers wrote in their study in the November 2014 issue of the Journal of Comparative Psychology. But house cats were most like lions, potentially because they live in semi-social surroundings and lions are the most social of cats.

    “They're cute and furry, but we need to remember when we have cats as pets, we are inviting little predators into our house," Wachtel said. "Cats can be fantastic, sweet companions -until they turn on you.”

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