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题型:概要写作 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

湖北省襄阳市四校2019-2020学年高二上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Teens' Sleep Shortage

    Most teens need about 8 to more than 9 hours of sleep each night. The right amount of sleep is essential for anyone who wants to do well in tests or sports. And lack of sleep affects everything from a person's ability to pay attention in class to his or her mood. It also damages teens' ability to do their best in athletics. Unfortunately, research shows that many teens don't get enough sleep, and more than 20% of high school students fall asleep in class.

    Until recently, teens were often blamed for staying up late, oversleeping for school, and falling asleep in class. But recent studies show that teens' sleep patterns actually differ from those of adults or kids. These studies show that during the teen years, the body's biological clock is temporarily reset, telling a person to fall asleep later and wake up later. This change might arise from the fact that the brain hormone melatonin (褪黑素) is produced later at night for teens than it is for kids and adults. This can make it harder for teens to fall asleep early.

    These changes in the body's biological clock are in line with a time when they're busier than ever. For most teens, the pressure to do well in school is heavier than when they were kids, and it's harder to get by without studying hard. And teens also have other time demands — everything from sports and other extracurricular(课程外的) activities to fitting in a part-time job to save money for college.

    Early start time in some schools may also play a role in this sleep shortage. Teens who fall asleep after midnight may still have to get up early for school, meaning that they may only squeeze in 6 or 7 hours of sleep a night. A couple hours of missed sleep a night may not seem like a big deal, but can create a noticeable sleep shortage over time

举一反三
Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

    An international team of researchers found employees who endure what is known as "abusive supervision" are more likely to behave poorly on purpose by messing up tasks, arriving late, taking long breaks and putting in minimal effort.

    The authors of the study, published in the Journal of Management, sought to answer why horrible bosses make employees less willing to show what is known as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), or commitment to the company outside of their contractual obligations. That could include helping colleagues or volunteering for unusual work hours. They also assessed its effect on a worker's tendency to harm the organization, by displaying counterproductive (反作用的) work behavior (CWB).

    To find out more, and uncover which negative outcome bullying (欺凌) behavior is more likely to cause, researchers from Southwestern University of Finance and Economics in China, Renmin University of China and Swinburne University of Technology in Australia cooperated and analyzed 427 existing studies. They found workers acted out either because they felt they were being treated unfairly in the workplace, or felt stressed and this affected their ability to perform as expected. An employee who felt they were a victim of injustice tended more towards reluctance to show OCB. Stressed workers, meanwhile, were more associated with CWB.

    Employers who worried supervisors are affecting productivity can take steps to ease issues by regularly training managers, introducing policies which cope with workplace injustices and helping workers to deal with stress.

    This is not the first study to suggest unkind practices can affect the well-being of workers. The paper follows a study published in the European Heart Journal last year, which showed employees who suffer bullying are more likely to develop heart diseases than those who aren't. Bullying and violence are common at workplaces and those exposed to these stressors are at higher risk.

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