An American named Crum invented potato chips in 1853, although that was not his intention (意图). He was a chef(厨师长) at a beautiful restaurant in Saratoga Springs, New York. A regular dish on the menu was fried (油炸的) potatoes, which was an idea that had started in France. At that time, French fried potatoes were cut into thick slices (片).

      One day, a dinner guest at the restaurant sent back his fried potatoes to the chef because he did not like them so thick. So Mr. Crum cut the potatoes a little thinner and fried them. The guest did not like those either. That made Mr. Crum angry, so he thought he would just show the man. He sliced the potatoes paper-thin and fried them, thinking that the man would say nothing about it. However, to his surprise, the man loved the thin potatoes very much. Other guests tried them and also liked them. So, Mr. Crum's potato chips were added to the menu. They were called Saratoga Chips.

      Finally, Mr. Crum opened his own restaurant to sell his famous chips. Now potato chips are packaged (包装) and sold in stores.

     In April 2004，Sharon Tirabassi got more than$10 million by winning a lottery (彩票抽奖)．She became very rich．But just in nine years，she spent almost all the money．Now she even has to work hard to make enough money for everyday use．

    Before she won the lottery,Sharon lived in a small house with her three children and didn't have enough money for a car．After she won it，she was unprepared for the change to her life．She spent most of her time shopping with her friends and paid for everything．She bought a big house in the richest part of town and four cars．

    Today Sharon lives in a rented(租来的)house on a quiet street—not far from where she started．She doesn't have the big house or the expensive cars．She goes to work by bus or by bike．

    But Sharon says she's happier now than before，and she lives life more fully than she did before．"When l was rich．I spent all my time shopping．But now other things are more important to me，"says Sharon．Now Sharon works hard and often talks with her children．"I'm trying to get them to learn that they have to work for money"she says．

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B

    An old man was going home late one night with his horse and cart after a day's hard work. When he was not far away from his house, the light on the cart went out. He tried but could not repair it. He was near his home, and so he went along the road without a light. When a policeman saw this, he stopped the old man.

    "Where is your light?" asked the policeman. "No man may take a cart along the road at night without a light. You know that. You have broken the law." "I had a light, but it has just gone out," said the old man.

    "I don't believe that story. What's your name and where do you live?" asked the policeman. "Please don't write down my name," said the old man. "My home is just there. You can see it from here. I had a light nearly the whole way."

    "You came all the way without a light. What's your name?"

    The old man quickly took the policeman's hand and put it down on the top of the light. The light was still hot and burnt the policeman's hand. The policeman jumped and he was very angry. "Now, what do you think?" said the old man. "Did I come all the way without a light?"

    In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple camera (照相机).He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden. That was the first photo.

    The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. He used a new kind of camera in a different way. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.

    Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's way. Travelers brought back wonderful photos from all around the world. people took picture of famous buildings, cities and mountains.

    In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take picture of people and moving things. That was not simple. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines. But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked so hard.

    Mathew Brady was a famous American photographers. He took many picture of gread people. The picture were unusual because they were very lifelike(栩栩如生的).

    Photographers also became one kind of art by the end of the 19th century. Some photos were more just copies of the real world. They showed and feelings, like other kinds of art.