题型：阅读理解 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
广东省中山市第一中学2019-2020学年高二上学期英语第一次月考试卷
Researchers at the University of Chicago have trained an artificial intelligence system, to write fake reviews on Yelp, a website showing customers reviews on shopping or something else, and it's pretty hard to tell them apart from a human review.
Their study, which will be presented at the ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security in October, aimed to throw attention onto how easily these systems can write reviews like humans and how damaging they can become if they're not monitored properly.
Since many small businesses rely on online reviews to help grow and keep their reputation, a future where someone—like a rival or angry customer—could crazily fill their page with negative reviews written by a machine is pretty worrying.
And, according to the research team, the threat goes far beyond a bunch of fake reviews on Yelp. "In general the threat is bigger," Ben Y. Zhao, one of the authors of the study, said. "I think the threat towards society is large and it really misleads users and shakes our belief in what is real and what is not. I think that's going to be even unimaginable."
To test how believable these reviews came across, the researchers invited 40 volunteers and had AI generate five fake reviews for 40 actual restaurants. The volunteers were asked how useful they thought the review was and whether or not they thought it was fake. The AI reviews ranked as "effectively indistinguishable" from real reviews，according to the study. Further, the fake reviews were given a 3.15 "usefulness" rating, compared to a 3.28 rating for human reviews.
Reducing the amount of sleep affects students' performance at school. An American study asked schoolteachers to look at the effects of sleep restriction（限制） on children between six and twelve years of age. The teachers found that children who stayed up late had trouble thinking clearly and had more learning problems.
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Doctor Fallone now works at the Forest Institute of Professional Psychology in Springfield, Missouri. He presented the results last month at a science reporter conference in Washington, D. C. The Publication Sleep also reported the findings.
The teachers were asked to complete weekly performance reports on seventy-four schoolchildren. The study lasted three weeks. During that period, Doctor Fallone and his team controlled the amount of sleep the children received.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} During another week, every child was kept awake later than normal. Each night, the youngest boys and girls had less than eight hours of sleep. The older ones were limited to six and a half hours. During the final week of the study, each child received no less than ten hours of sleep a night.
The teachers were not told about how much sleep the students received. The study found that students who received eight hours or less had the most difficulty remembering old information. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
The study did not find that sleep restriction caused hyperactivity(极度活跃) in the children. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}
Doctor Fall one said that the results provided experts and parents with a clear message: {#blank#}5{#/blank#}
A. The sleeping time that the students have can be changed easily. B. They also had trouble learning new information, completing difficult work and following directions. C. During one week, the children went to bed and awoke at their usual time. D. The teacher should restrict the amount of sleep of the students. E. Gahan Fallone did the study at the Brown Medical School and Bradley Hospital in the state of Rhode Island. F. The teachers reported that students were, in fact, a little less active at school when they got less sleep. G. When a child has learning problems, the issue of sleep must be considered among the possible causes. |
试题篮
