Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food {#blank#}1{#/blank#} at the supermarket. Since you really{#blank#}2{#/blank#} yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help{#blank#}3{#/blank#}_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.

    Governments don't have to{#blank#}4{#/blank#}healthier lifestyles through laws  for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with{#blank#}5{#/blank#}hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

    The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to {#blank#}6{#/blank#}foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains{#blank#}7{#/blank#}by looking at the lights on the package. A green light {#blank#}8{#/blank#}_that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be{#blank#}9{#/blank#}; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

    Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem's Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber's What Do You Mean? were more likely to {#blank#}1{#/blank#} highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.

    Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in an attempt to help marketers {#blank#}3{#/blank#} consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they're in. They infer this from the sort of music you're listening to, {#blank#}4{#/blank#} with where and when you're listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.

    Now, to be clear, there's nothing particularly {#blank#}5{#/blank#} about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don't think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you're listening to the songs that {#blank#}6{#/blank#} you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it {#blank#}7{#/blank#}that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.

    You can see where this could go, can't you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in {#blank#}8{#/blank#} exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a {#blank#}9{#/blank#} if you're feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. And on that note, I'm feeling a little down about all this. I'll {#blank#}10{#/blank#} off to treat myself to something expensive.

    Now, let me say a few words to our American friends. Climate change is one of the major{#blank#}1{#/blank#}of our time. It is already changing our daily lives but it is global. Everyone is impacted. And if we do nothing, our children will know a world of migrations, of wars, of shortage. A dangerous world. It is not the future we want for ourselves. It is not the future we want for our children. It is not the future we want for our world.

    Today, the President of the United States, Donald Trump, announced his decision to {#blank#}2{#/blank#} the United States from the Paris Agreement. I do respect his decision, but I do think it is an actual mistake both for the US and for our planet.

    I just said it to President Trump, in a few words a few minutes ago this{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Tonight, I wish to tell the United States: France believes in you. The world believes in you. I know that you are a great nation. I know your history, our common history.

To all the scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs, and responsible citizens who were disappointed by the decision of the president of the United States, I want to say they will find in France a second homeland. I call on them—come and work here with us, to work together on{#blank#}4{#/blank#}solutions for our climate, our environment. I can assure you: France will not give up the fight.

    I reaffirm clearly that Paris agreement will remain irreversible and will be {#blank#}5{#/blank#}not just by France, but by all the other nations. Over the coming hours, I will have the opportunity to speak with our main partners to define a common strategy and to launch new {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. I already know that I can count on them.

    I call on you to remain confidence. We will succeed, because we are {#blank#}7{#/blank#}, because wherever we live, whoever we are, we all share the same responsibility to make our planet great again.

    Today, the events {#blank#}1{#/blank#} in realistic-looking or-sounding video and audio recordings need never have happened. They can instead be {#blank#}2{#/blank#} automatically, by powerful computers and machine-learning software. The catch-all term for these computational productions is "deepfakes".

    The term first appeared on Reddit, a messaging board, as the username for an account which was producing {#blank#}3{#/blank#} videos. An entire community {#blank#}4{#/blank#} up around the creation of these videos, writing software tools that let anyone automatically {#blank#}5{#/blank#} one person's face onto the body of another. Reddit shut the community down, but the technology was out there. Soon it was being applied to political {#blank#}6{#/blank#} and actors.

    Tools for editing media {#blank#}7{#/blank#} have existed for decades—think Photoshop. The power and peril of deepfakes is that they make fakery cheaper than ever before. Before deepfakes, a powerful computer and a good chunk of a university degree were needed to produce a realistic fake video of someone. Now some photos and an Internet connection are all that is required.

    The consequences of cheap, widespread fakery are likely to be {#blank#}8{#/blank#}, albeit slow to unfold. Plenty worry about the possible impact that believable, fake footage of politicians might have on civil society—from a further loss of trust in media to the {#blank#}9{#/blank#} for electoral distortions. These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations. In a world that was already saturated with {#blank#}10{#/blank#} imagery, deepfakes make it plausible to push that even further.

    FLORENCE, Italy - Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to a(n) {#blank#}1{#/blank#} friend and answer a fictional job ad.

    Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing {#blank#}2{#/blank#} population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.

    Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard {#blank#}4{#/blank#} times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a {#blank#}5{#/blank#} for intolerance than integration. Others say it's only {#blank#}6{#/blank#} that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.

    Other European countries laid down a {#blank#}7{#/blank#} requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners join the society and promote understanding across cultures.

    Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has {#blank#}8{#/blank#} a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrant numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an even larger percentage of births in Italy.

    Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent {#blank#}10{#/blank#} would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.

    Italians always "see me as a foreigner," an outsider, even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.