Billy always loved blueberries. They were his favorite fruit. Today he was going to make juice with his uncle. His uncle liked to make juice out of everything. He made carrot juice, apple juice, vegetable juice, and more juices. He had never made blueberry juice before though!

  First, Billy and his uncle went to a blueberry farm. They were each given a basket. They picked for an hour and got several pounds. It was hard work picking the little berries from the trees. Now Billy understood why they were expensive in the store.　

  Next, they had to wash the fruit. Some of them still had leaves. Those had to be pulled off. Then the bad berries had to be thrown away. They washed the berries and made them air-dry.

 After that, they pushed the blueberries through a strainer(过滤网). The strainer caught most of the seeds and skins, and only left a small glass of dark purple juice to them.

 When they tasted the juice, it wasn't very sweet. Billy's uncle didn't want to add white sugar to the juice. It was better to use a naturally sweet juice, like apple juice, pear juice, or grape juice. They used grape juice as a sweetener (甜味剂), because grapes had a similar color to the blueberries.

  Finally, they could drink it. It was a lot of work to make juice, but it sure was refreshing!

    My two little daughters and I usually go out and help others on Thankful Thursday. Last Thursday we were going to buy lunch for the beggars（乞丐） in the street. Then we went to the nearest McDonald's. I ordered 15 lunches from it and drove my car to hand them out.

We gave the lunches to the beggars. They were excited. We were happy to see that.

    Then we noticed a small, old woman, asking for pocket money. We gave her our last lunch bag. Before we got into the car, she started to speak to us, "No one has ever done anything like this for me before, "she said with a smile. "Well, I'm glad that we were the first, "I answered. "So, when will you eat your lunch," I asked.

    She just looked at me with her big, tired brown eyes and said, "OH, dear, I'm not going to eat this lunch. You see, I have a little daughter. I usually can't buy her favorite food, but today she will be so happy!"

    I don't know if the kids noticed the tears in my eyes. I have asked many times whether our actions of kindness were too small to change anything. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of words: "We cannot do great things —only small things with great love."

    Jim is a young farmer. He was once put into prison(监狱).

    One day, he got a letter from his mother. "I'm so worried about our farm, "she wrote." It's time to plant potatoes. I can't dig(挖)all the fields(田地)by myself."

    Jim read the letter and became sad. "What can I do?" he thought. Then he had a good idea. He wrote to his mother, "Don't dig the fields. There is much money in the earth. Don't plant potatoes until I come home."

    Some days later, Jim got another letter from his mother. It said, "Two days ago, about ten men came to our farm and dug all the fields. I can't understand it. It seemed that they were looking for something. What should I do?"

    Jim smiled when he read his mother's letter. He wrote a letter to his mother at once. It was very short. Guess what it would say.

  The Vietnam(越南) War broke out. The young husband 1the army and died in the war. His wife and son began to have a 2life after that. Even though their life was very hard and sometimes they didn't have enough food to eat, the 3still decided to raise her son by herself.

  Several years later her son immigrated(移民) to America 4finally become an engineer. He often sent letters to his mother with much money. However, with many excuses, the son 5to come back home to visit his mother.

  6his mother died, the son returned. But he didn't cry. His mother left a box behind. During the funeral(葬礼), the son opened the box and 7cried and shouted, "Mom! Mom!"8looked at each other and then looked at the box. It was full of $ 100 bill and a piece of paper.

  It read, "Son, I don't spend too much money. I miss you a lot. Every time I heard a motorcycle 9. I ran out of the door but it wasn't you. I stayed money 10you in case (以防) you get sick."

    On most weekends, you can find Zoe Stone. 8. in front of a computer. But she isn't playing games or watching videos. She's learning how to write code.

    Code is a set of instructions (指令). It tells a computer what to do. Coders are the people who write the instructions for a computer. Coders make websites or apps. Apps can be used for everything from playing games to checking the weather. Coders solve problems and work together. They know how to think big and small.

    Zoe began to learn coding when she was 4 years old. She uses coding to create art, solve problems and make games. Zoe likes coding because it's creative. "Coding is really fun," she said. "You can show what you think in what you make."

    How does Zoe learn coding? She takes classes at Code. org. The website offers hundreds of free code lessons for kids. In fact, more than 29 million students in 180 countries use it. It hopes to bring coding to even more kids.

    "We believe that every child should have the chance to learn about computers and coding," said Alice Steinglass, the president (负责人) of Code. org. "Computers are part of our world," she said. "It's important for kids to understand how they work."

①Why do we do the things we do? What drives our behavior? Researchers have suggested different ways of thinking about motivation (动机), including looking at whether motivation comes from outside or inside a person.

②Extrinsic(外来的) motivation is when you decide to do something because you want to get a reward or avoid punishment. Intrinsic (内在的) motivation is when you do something because you find it enjoyable. The behavior itself is its own reward.

③There are many advantages of intrinsi c motivation. Firstly, it's lasting. It makes people willing to face challenges and work hard to achieve their goals. Besides, people with intrinsic motivation have a greater sense of satisfaction.

④Most people think intrinsic motivation is best, but it is not always possible in every situation. Sometimes a person has an unpleasant task and he may not have internal(内部的) wish to complete it. That's when we need extrinsic motivation. But studies have shown that offering too many external (外部的) reward can reduce intrinsic motivation. For example, in a study, they became less interested in the toys.

⑤Both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation play a key role in learning. Experts have argued that traditional education pays too much attention to external rewards, such as grades. This undermines the intrinsic motivation that students might already have. However, others have suggested that extrinsic motivation can help students feel more knowledgeable in class. It helps to build up their intrinsic motivation. 

⑥Understanding how each type of motivation works and when it is likely to be useful can help people complete tasks and improve their learning.