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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

山东省淄博市2019届高三英语部分学校5月阶段性诊断(二模)试卷

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    The world's insects are going down the path of extinction, threatening a "catastrophic collapse of nature's ecosystems", according to the first global scientific review. More than 40%of insect species are declining and third are endangered, the analysis found. The rate of extinction is eight times faster than that of mammals, birds and reptiles.

    "It should be of huge concern to all of us, for insects are at the heart of every food web. They pollinate (授粉) the large majority of plant species, keep the soil healthy, recycle nutrients, control pests, and much more. Love them or 1oathe them, we humans cannot survive without insects, "said Prof Dave Goulson at the University of Sussex in the UK.

    The analysis, published in the journal Biological Conservation, says intensive (集约型) agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides. Urbanisation and climate change are also significant factors.

    "If insect species losses cannot be stopped, this will have catastrophic consequences for both the planet's ecosystems and for the survival of mankind. It is very rapid. In 10 years you will have a quarter less, in 50 years only half left and in 100 years you will have none," said review author Francisco Sánchez-Bayo, at the University of Sydney, Australia.

    One of the biggest impacts of insect loss is on many birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish that eat insects. "If this food source is taken away, all these animals starve to death," he said. Such effects have already been seen in Puerto Rico, where a recent study revealed a 98%fall in ground insects over 35 years.

    Matt Shardlow, at the conservation charity Buglife, said: "It is thoughtful to see this evidence that shows the pitiful state of the world's insect populations. It is increasingly obvious that the planet's ecology is breaking and there is a need for a strong and global effort to prevent and change these terrible trends."

(1)、Why are people worried about the insect decline?
A、They are vital to ecosystems. B、They provide food for pests. C、They pollinate all plants. D、They enrich the soil.
(2)、What is the main cause of insect losses?
A、More and more trees. B、Restrictions on pesticides. C、Upgrading agriculture. D、Friendly environment.
(3)、Where can you find the exact time of insect losses?
A、In paragraph 1. B、In paragraph 2. C、In paragraph 3. D、In paragraph 4.
(4)、What can be a suitable title for the text?
A、Humans can survive the punishment of nature B、Insect declining is breaking nature's ecosystems C、Nature's ecosystems are influenced by humans D、Insects and animals are dying out in Puerto Rico
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    A man came home from work and found his three children outside, still in their pajamas(睡衣) playing in the mud,with empty food boxes and wrappers thrown all around the front yard.

    The door of his wife's car was open,as was the front door to the house and there was no sign of the dog.

    Walking into the entry,he found an even bigger mess. A lamp had been knocked over. In the front room the TV was loudly blaring(大声播放)a cartoon channel,and the family room was thrown with toys and various items of clothing.

    In the kitchen,dishes filled the sink,breakfast food was spilled on the counter,the fridge door was open wide, dog food was spilled on the floor,a broken glass lay under the table,and a small pile of sand was spread by the back door.

    He quickly headed up the stairs,stepping over toys and more piles of clothes,looking for his wife. He was worried she might be ill,or that something serious had happened. He was met with a small drop of water as it made its way out the bathroom door. As he looked inside he found wet towels, soap and more toys thrown over the floor. Miles of toilet paper lay in a heap(堆) and toothpaste had been put over the mirror and walls.

    As he rushed to the bedroom, he found his wife still sleeping in the bed in her pajamas,reading a novel. She looked up at him,smiled,and asked how his day went. He looked at her puzzled and asked, “What happened here today?”

    She again smiled and answered,“You know every day when you come home from work and ask me what in the world I did today?”

    “Yes,” was his reply.

    She answered,“Well,today I didn't do it.”

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    When introducing American universities, some of the first institutions(机构)to mention are the Ivy League schools. Originally, the Ivy League was an athletic conference made up of 8 private institutes of higher learning in northeastern United States. However, as time went on, these schools also became known for their excellence in academics besides athletics. Included in the Ivy League schools are Brown University, Columbia University, Cornell University, Dartmouth College, Princeton University, University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, and Harvard University. These 8 schools have been recognized as some of the best colleges and universities in the United States.

    Harvard University is a private institution located in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The university includes a number of graduate and professional schools, as well as a college for undergraduates. In 2012, Harvard ranked number one in US News' ranking of national universities again. Founded in 1636, Harvard is the oldest institute of higher education in the United States. It can be said that first there was Harvard, then the United States of America. Also, Harvard's library contains the oldest collection of books in the United States as well as the largest private collection in the world. Harvard has also been described by Forbes Magazine as one of the “billionaire universities” as of their recent list of 469 billionaires, 50 received a degree from Harvard.

    Harvard College (the institute for undergraduate students) is one of the most famous schools in the United States. It offers over 40 undergraduate fields of study, including astrophysics(天体物理学), mathematics, neurobiology(神经生物学), etc. And the financial aid program there is amazing. Even though the tuition is about 37,576, and there are other expenses throughout the year, about 70% of undergraduate students received financial aid. Out of those students, over 90% of them had their full need met. And the policies for international students are the same for U.S. citizens.

    Harvard College is very selective, as it only admits about 6% of their applicants. For admission into Harvard College, it is required that students take the SAT or the ACT, as well as 2 SAT Subject Tests. Harvard will also look at other factors during admission such as your application essay, high school transcript, work experience, GPA (Grade Point Average), your interview, recommendations, and most importantly, your character and personal qualities.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。

    The most widespread fallacy (谬论)of all is that colds ire caused by cold. They are actually caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coining into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in the isolated Arctic Regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.

    During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches(战壕), cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds.

    In the Second World War prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp,naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.

    If then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter. Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.

阅读理解

    Here are some schools in Southeast England. Find out if you are interested in any of them.

Caterham School

Headmaster: Mr. J.P. Thomas

Ages: Boys/Girls: 11-18 years

Attendance: Day& Boarding (寄宿)

Number of Students: 900

Tel:+44(0)1883 343028

The school aims to provide a great all-round education so that every pupil can reach their full potential (潜能). Covering80 acres. it is a family school providing a caring environment

Deepdene School

Bursar: Mr. Stephen Ball

Ages: Boys/Girls: I-11 years

Attendance: Day

Number of Students: 400

Tel:+44(0)1273 418984

Deepdene offers a great education where every child matters. An exciting programme of sport, music, Latin & French, dance, drama and art is provided.

Claires Court

Contact: Hugh &James Wilding, Principals

Ages: Boys/Girls 3-18 years

Attendance: Day

Number of Students: 1,000

Tel:+44(0)1628 411472

Claires Court is a school for families, run by a family, providing education for young people aged 3-18 years. Based on three sites across Maidenhead, they are an all-ability school where boys and girls are educated separately during their main school years, but come together for trips and visits.

Crosfields School

Contact: Mr. J Wansey, Headmaster

Ages: Boys/Girls: 3-13 years

Attendance: Day

Number of Students: 515

Tel:+44(0)1189 871810

Crosfields is a great Prep School for children aged 3-13. From early years aged 3, through to teenage years aged 13, it provides a first-class educational start. The school has the most modern facilities (设备) in 40 acres of grounds which provide children with exciting and different learning chances.

阅读理解

    Regardless of how far we'd like to believe gender(性别)equality in the workplace has come, there's still a yawning gap between male and female leaders in the professional world. A 2018 statistic shows that women nowadays hold just 5.8 percent of CEOs positions at S&P 500 companies, according to Catalyst.

    While it's not a huge shock that women are somewhat underrepresented in leadership positions, what is surprising though, is the fact that females may actually be better suited to lead in almost every area, at least according to new findings from the BI Norwegian Business School.

    In their research, Professor Oyvind L. Martinsen and Professor Lars Glas surveyed (调查) 2,900 managers with a special focus on personality types. The results were clear: Women scored higher than men in four of the five major leadership-centric categories.

    While some people believe that men inherently make better leaders — probably because they picture a leader with a commanding voice, which is more typical of men than women — this piece of research suggests that women are better at methodical management and goal-setting, openness, sociability and supportiveness, as well as ability to communicate clearly.

    There was one area in which men scored higher than women, though, and that was on emotional stability and ability to face job-related pressure and stress. The results suggest that women are more sensitive to the effects of high-pressure or highly emotional situations.

    Obviously, it's important to consider individual (个人的) differences. Anyone, regardless of gender, may be an inspiring leader and a competent boss. But next time you're hiring for a management position, you just might want to give the resumes (简历) from female candidates a harder look.

 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese pastries (糕点) have a rich and divers history that spans thousands of years. Traditional Chinese pastries are popular {#blank#}1{#/blank#} their beautiful shapes, delicate flavors and cultural symbolism.

The origins of Chinese pastries can be traced back to ancient times when they were primarily made for {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (religion) ceremonies and special occasions. Over centuries of evolution, Chinese pastries {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (develop), combining various regional flavors and techniques.

During the Tang dynasty, Chinese pastries experienced a significant {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (grow) in popularity. The Tang dynasty emperors were known for their love of desserts and pastries, {#blank#}5{#/blank#} led to the development of numerous delicate and complicated pastry recipes.

It was during this time {#blank#}6{#/blank#} many symbolic pastries were created, and the art of pastry-making reached new heights.

Mooncakes, closely {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (associate) with the Mid-autumn Festival, are among the most famous Chinese pastries. Mooncakes have a history {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (date) back over 1,000 years. They were{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (original) used as an offering {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (honour) the moon goddess during the harvest season. Mooncakes are often imprinted with amazing designs and symbols that represent good luck and prosperity.

Each region in China has its own pastries with distinct flavors, ingredients and making methods. Chinese pastries are an essential part of Chinese cuisine and cultural traditions.

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