题型：阅读表达 题类：真题 难易度：普通
北京市2017年中考英语试卷
What's in a Name?
Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?
Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name-- their first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be referred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third, William the blacksmith(铁匠). And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.
It was 300 or 400 years before the extra(附加的) names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.
Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The "son of" part was added to the father's first name, like Johnson, meaning John's son. Sometimes it was shortened to just "s", as in Jones or Evans.
Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. A third kind of surname was based on a person's job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was nickname(绰号). A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.
Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the English language is Smith. Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith, Johnson, William and Brown.
To be a good tourist
Nowadays, travelling is becoming an important part of our life. However, some people have bad habits when visiting places of interest.
Some people often make loud noise that makes others feel uncomfortable. Some people don't realize the importance of protecting our environment. They throw rubbish everywhere. Some people like to take photos in wrong places, even in dangerous places. These are very rude and unwelcome in public.
As a student, I think we should remember to do something to be a good tourist. First of all, we should throw rubbish in the dustbin instead of dropping it everywhere. Secondly, don't make too much noise, especially in some quiet places. It is not polite. Finally, we understand that many people like taking photos while travelling. It is fun. But we should take photos in proper places and always remember safety comes first.
In a word, if all of us can try our best to be good tourists, I believe we can make a great difference to our environment and we can have more fun as well.
Information Card
The thing that is becoming an important part of our life | {#blank#}1{#/blank#} |
The thing that makes others feel uncomfortable | {#blank#}2{#/blank#} |
The place where we should throw rubbish | {#blank#}3{#/blank#} |
The thing that comes first when taking photos | {#blank#}4{#/blank#} |
The thing that all of us can try our best to do | {#blank#}5{#/blank#} |
|
A. Then, the drone will fly to the person. B. But they have other uses now. C. Luckily the drone tracked (追踪) him down in 20 minutes. D. Drones can serve people coffee. E. Drones can also save lives. |
Drones (无人机) can do a lot of things for us, taking photos, delivering (递送) things from packages(包裹) to pizzas to beer and following wild animals.{#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Can you believe it?{#blank#}2{#/blank#} US company IBM has made this kind of drone. It can deliver coffee to sleepy people. The drone can know when to bring a cup of coffee by studying a person's personal information. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} There is a special device (设备) under the drone. It helps the drone to give coffee. The drone can also learn about someone's coffee-drinking habits and tell when someone need next cup of coffee.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} One company in Africa use drones to deliver medicine and blood fast and save many people's lives. The drones are able to fly at speeds of up to 60 mph and when they are within a minute of the destination(目的地), the doctors receive a text and wait nearby. The drone drops off the package and then returns to its home.
A 92-year-old hunter in Virginia was lost and had to spend a night in the woods. The police searched for him all night but failed to find him.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} Also, drones helped firefighters know about the fire in wildfire fight.
There was once a stone(石头) in the center of the garden of a family. Whenever the family passed through the garden, they would always make a detour(绕路) round the stone.
One day, the son said to his father, "I hate that stone. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}"The father said, "It was there when your grandfather was alive. It is so big .I'm afraid we can't move it. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}"
Twenty years later, the son grew up and had his own son. One day, his son said to him, "There is a big stone in the garden. Shall we move it?" He said, "That stone is too heavy. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}"But the son made up his mind to move it.
One morning, the son brought some tools(工具) to the garden. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} He thought it would take him the whole day to move the stone. To his surprise, he spent only ten minutes before the stone was moved. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}
A. He dug(挖)around the stone. B. Why don't we move it away? C. Just be careful when you walk near it. D. The stone wasn't heavy at all. E. If I could, I would have moved it many years ago. |
试题篮
