题型：阅读表达 题类：真题 难易度：普通
北京市2017年中考英语试卷
What's in a Name?
Many American names come from England. But where did most English names come from?
Centuries ago, most people in England had only one name-- their first name. In the 11th century, five or six of the 50 people in a village might be named William, and it was easy to get confused. But in the Middle Ages, people found a way to describe each person exactly. If there were four Williams in one village, one might be referred to as William the son of John. A second might be called William from the hill. A third, William the blacksmith(铁匠). And a fourth, William the brown haired. In conversation, people might refer to the four Williams as William John's son, William hill, William smith, and William brown.
It was 300 or 400 years before the extra(附加的) names gradually developed into last names, or surnames. They were passed on from generation to generation. By the 1300s, Robert, the son of William smith, had the name Robert smith, even if he was not a blacksmith like his father. As the last name became widely accepted, the first letter was capitalized, as in Robert Smith. By the 15th century, most people of the upper and middle classes had surnames.
Many surnames were based on father-son relations. The "son of" part was added to the father's first name, like Johnson, meaning John's son. Sometimes it was shortened to just "s", as in Jones or Evans.
Surnames like Hill described the place where a person lived. They are the most common type of surname. A third kind of surname was based on a person's job. Forester was someone who looked after the forest. In the Middle Ages, occupation names such as Baker, Carpenter, and Miller became common. The fourth kind of surname was nickname(绰号). A man whose surname was Bear might be as fierce as a bear.
Have you ever wondered why some surnames are so common? The most common surname in the English language is Smith. Being able to make metals(金属)into tools was an important skill in the Middle Ages, and many people were trained as blacksmiths. The most common American surnames are Smith, Johnson, William and Brown.
Dear Know,
I need some advice on how to make friends! I have just moved to a new city. I am 13. I don't know anybody here and I want to make some friends. What's the best way? Where can I meet people?
Yours,
Tony
Dear Tony,
There are lots of things you can do. First, you can ride your bike in your neighbourhood and try to find some kids. When you find some, you can go up and talk to them. You should also let your parents know that you want to make friends because they can help you. Maybe you can ask your parents to take you to the library or some places where there are lots of kids. You could try joining an art class or a sports club. These are all great ways to meet people. You can also try making friends at churches (教堂) if you go to churches on Sundays. Try to be active wherever you are, but just be yourself and don't try so hard. It takes time and patience. I hope you will find a best friend soon!
Yours,
Know
Tony's problem: He doesn't know how to make {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. | ||
Know's advice | Places to meet other kids | Neighbourhood, the {#blank#}2{#/blank#} and churches. |
Activities | Join an art class or a sports {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. | |
Ways to behave | Try to be {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, but don't try too {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. | |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}⑴14-year-old Tony likes history best and likes reading books about history.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#}⑵13-year-old Mike is an American boy. He broke his leg last month and he will have to be in a wheelchair for the rest of his life. He doesn't know what to do.
{#blank#}3{#/blank#}⑶15-year-old Amy loves music and she wants to become a famous singer.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#}⑷12-year-old Lucy is imaginative and she likes reading adventure stories.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}⑸14-year-old Bob always has much homework to do. He wants to learn how to make a homework schedule(计划表).
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A. | This book is about a middle school student called Jamie. In a car accident he became disabled and lost his family. However, he didn't lose heart. Instead, he tried to achieve his goals and kept the people around him laughing. Jame's story is encouraging. |
| B. | Rye is a girl who loves adventure. One day, a monster(怪物)comes to her village. Only the Luck Uglies, a secret group, can beat the monster. So Rye has to try her best to ask the Luck Uglies for help. |
| C. | I Survived tells us true stories about how people survived such disasters(灾难) as the earthquake and the flood in history. |
| D. | Taylor Swift is an American superstar. She was born in 1989. She writes and sings her own songs and now she is already a world-famous artist. This book is about how she worked hard to be a singer. |
| E. | Trevor Romain knows how horrible homework can be. In this book, you can find lots of suggestions on how to finish your homework without feeling sick. |
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