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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

人教版(新课程标准)高中英语必修4 Unit 5同步练习二

阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Teens may become more private during adolescence (青春期) because they are learning how to be more independent, says Carl Pickhardt, a Texas­based scientist who studies parenting adolescents. "As they enter adolescence, parents have less control," he says. "You're going to have less communication with the kid who is now entering a larger and more risky world."

    However, Pickhardt says, this does not mean that parents should just sit back and do without any information. He says that parents should tell their kids that there are still things they need to know about, such as why their teen was late getting home from school one day.

    Iowa's mom Patty Link knows this fight well. The mom of three is raising two teenage boys: Graham, a 14-year-old eighth grader, and Carter, a 16-year-old high school student. She says that becoming friends with the parents of her children's friends has helped.

    "A lot of times if I want to get any information out of them, I'll say, 'Oh, I can talk to Adam's mom and she will tell me what was going on Friday night', and it will lead to some other discussion, "she says.

    Parents should watch their use of questions, Pickhardt says, because they can stand for authority (权威), and that is likely to not go over well with teens. "They want their independence to be respected, "he says. Pickhardt suggests using requests such as, "It could really help me if you could tell me," "I would really appreciate it if you let me know, "or "Could you help me better understand." But sometimes teens make mistakes and parents have to correct them. Parents should plainly (直率地) state the problem, Pickhardt says, and avoid judgments of character.

    Parents can also use technology to feel connected. One recent study showed that many teens are friends with their parents on Facebook—and only 5 percent limit what their parents can see.

(1)、What does Pickhardt advise parents to do?
A、Help kids enter a larger world. B、Ask kids to get more knowledge. C、Encourage kids to share information. D、Try to keep kids' behavior under control.
(2)、Who is Adam?
A、A relative of Link's. B、A neighbor of Link's. C、A friend of Link's kids. D、A parent of teenage boys.
(3)、What is Pickhardt's opinion on parents' use of questions?
A、Show respect for kids when questioning them. B、First let kids understand parental authority. C、Avoid asking too private questions. D、Try to make requests plainly.
(4)、Which can be the best title for the text?
A、Why are teenagers getting more private? B、How to stay connected with your teen C、Why do parents have less control? D、How to correct teens mistakes
举一反三

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

AT

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阅读理解

Choosing the Right Resolution (决定)

     Millions of Americans began 2014 with the same resolution they started 2013 with, a goal of losing weight. However, setting weight loss as a goal is a mistake.

To reach our goal of losing weight — the output, we need to control what we eat — the input ( 输入). That is, we tend to care about the output but not to control the input. This is a bad way to construce goals. The alternative is to focus your resolution on the input. Instead of resolving to lose weight, try an actionable resolution: “I'll stop having desert for lunch,” or “I'll walk every day for 20 minutes.” Creating a goal that focuses on a well-specified input will likely be more effective than concentrating on the outcome.

    Recently a new science behind incentives (激励) , including in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children to do better in school. In some cases, he gave students incentives based on input, like reading certain books, while in others, the incentives were based on output, like results on exams. His main finding was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect on output. Fryer's conclusion was that the intensives for inputs might be more effective because do not know how to do better on exam, aside from general rules like “study harder.” Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over which they have much more control.

    As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have a much higher chance of success. And it's easier to start again if you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.

    If you want to cut down on your spending, a good goal would be making morning coffee at home instead of going to a cafe, for example. This is a well-specified action-based goal for which you can measure your success easily. Spending less money isn't a goal because it's too general. Similarly, if you want to spend more time with your family, don't stop with this general wish. Think about an actionable habit that you could adopt and stick to, like a family movie night every Wednesday.

    In the long run, these new goals could become a habit.

阅读理解

    You are given many opportunities in life to choose to be a victim or creator. When you choose to be a victim, the world is a cold and difficult place. “They” did things to you which caused all of your pain and suffering. “They” are wrong and bad, and life is terrible as long as “they” are around. Or you may blame yourself for all your problems, thus internalizing(内化)your victimization. The truth is, your life is likely to stay that way as long as you feel a need to blame yourself or others.

    Those who choose to be creators look at life quite differently. They know there are individuals who might like to control their lives, but they don't let this get in the way. They know they have their weaknesses, yet they don't blame themselves when they fail. Whatever happens, they have choice in the matter. They believe their dance with each sacred moment of life is a gift and that storms are a natural part of life which can bring the rain needed for emotional and spiritual growth.

Victims and creators live in the same physical world and deal with many of the same physical realities, yet their experience of life is worlds apart. Victims relish (沉溺)in anger, guilt, and other emotions that cause others—and even themselves—to feel like victims, too. Creators consciously choose love, inspiration, and other qualities which inspire not only themselves, but all around them. Both victims and creators always have choice to determine the direction of their lives.

    In reality, all of us play the victim or the creator at various points in our lives. One person, on losing a job or a special relationship, may feel as if it is the end of the world and sink into terrible suffering for months, years, or even a lifetime. Another with the same experience may choose to first experience the grief, then accept the loss and soon move on to be a powerful creative force in his life.

    In every moment and every circumstance, you can choose to have a fuller, richer life by setting a clear intention to transform the victim within, and by inviting into your life the powerful creator that you are.

阅读理解

    When Gitanjali Rao shared how she likes "finding solutions to real problems”, it was hard to imagine this dynamic 11-year-old girl could settle a problem that has escaped scientists for years.

    In just three months, Rao came up with a device(装置)that can replace the costly and lengthy tests currently used to reliably determine lead levels in our fresh water. Inspired by the current litigation (诉讼)in Flint, Michigan, a case of water pollution from 2014 to 2015, Rao designed a new testing system that resulted in her being named America's Top Young Scientist for 2017.

    Rao had been following the water problem for about two years. She was amazed by the number of people affected by lead pollution in water and wanted to do something to change this. Gitanjali spent months trying to convince local high schools and colleges to give her lab time to continue her experiment. At home, Gitanjali worked on her project in the "science room” she asked her parents to create for her. Rao has created a device that uses three parts: a cartridge, a Bluetooth reader and an app. To put it simply, the cartridge contains carbon nanotubes(纳米管) that react to lead. This reaction is then registered by the Bluetooth reader, which sends a signal to a mobile app that can tell you immediately if your water is safe to drink.

    Rao appropriately named the device Tethys after the Greek goddess of fresh water, and is hoping to make a little improvement to get the device on the market. While we may not be aware of any lead pollution present in our aging pipelines, lead poisoning can cause delays in physical and mental development. With Rao believing that the "purpose of science is to make a difference”, her incredible invention could make a difference to millions of people in the United States.

阅读理解

    A young woman sits alone in café sipping tea and reading a book. She pauses briefly to write in a nearby notepad before showing her words to a passing café waiter: "Where are the toilets please?" This is a familiar scene in Tokyo's so-called "silent cafes", where customers are not allowed to speak, and only communicate by writing in notepads.

    The concept rises by a desire to be alone among young Japanese, a situation brought by economic uncertainly, a shift in traditional family support structures and the growing social isolation. The phenomenon is not limited to coffee shops but covers everything from silent discos, where participants dance alone wearing wireless headphones connected to the DJ, to products such as small desk tents designed for conversation-free privacy in the office. One Kyoto company even offers single women the opportunity to have a "one woman wedding" – a full bridal affair, complete with white dress and ceremony, and the only thing missing is the groom. The trend has its own media expression – "botchi-zoku", referring to individuals who consciously choose to do things completely on their own.

    One recent weekday afternoon, Chihiro Higashikokubaru, a 23-year-old nurse, travelled 90 minutes from her home, to Tokyo on her day off in order to enjoy some solo time. Speaking quietly at the entrance of the café, Miss Higashikokubaru said: "I heard about this place via Twitter and I like the idea of coming here. I work as a nurse and it's always very busy. There are very few quiet places in Tokyo, and it's a big busy city. I just want to come and sit somewhere quietly on my own. I'm going to drink a cup of tea and maybe do some drawings. I like the idea of a quiet, calm atmosphere."

    The desire to be isolated is not a new concept in Japan, home to an estimated 3.6 million "hikikomori" – a more extreme example of social recluses(隐士)who withdraw completely from society.

阅读理解

    Do you want to help others in Canada or out of the country? Here are some non-profit organizations in Calgary, Canada, through which you can do something for others.

    Calgary Reads

    Calgary Reads helps struggling readers in Grade One and Two twice a week. Trained adult volunteers carry out one-to-one reading teaching in the children's school during school hours. Volunteers are trained to use a proven effective lesson framework. Time is spent coaching readers while providing a strong role model in each child's life.

    Address: 105, 12th Ave SE | Calgary, AB | T2G 2H8

    Telephone: 1 403 777-8254

    Ukrainian Mission Canada

    This organization helps children in need in Ukraine, a country in eastern Europe. You can donate money or things to help one of the children in need.

    Address: 3806 44 Ave NE | Calgary, Alberta | T1Y5V8

    Telephone: 1 403 451-6991

    Calgary Doula Association

    This organization is formed to provide information about services related to birth and child care for the general public and worried professionals. Monthly meetings provide a networking opportunity and exchange of information for individuals interested in birth and child care, couples who are to be parents, and health care providers.

    Address: 124 Crest haven Place SW I Calgary, ABI T3B 5W4

    Telephone: 1 403 750-2033

    Rainbow Society of Alberta

    Rainbow Society of Alberta helps to fulfill wishes of Alberta children with long-term or life-threatening illnesses. Founded in Winnipeg in 1983, Rainbow Society was the first children's organization of its kind in Canada. Its Alberta chapter(分部) was created in 1986 by a handful of caring volunteers who saw need to bring such a strong support system to children in Alberta.

    Address: PO Box 1153, Station M I Calgary, AB

    Telephone: 1 403 252-3891

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