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With the completion of the Human Genome（基因组）Project more than 20 years ago, and the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA enjoying its 70th birthday last year, you might assume that we know how life works. Think again!

Evolution has a 4bn-year head start on us. However, several aspects of the standard picture of how life works-the idea of the genome as a blueprint, of genes as instructions for building an organism, of proteins as precisely tailored molecular（分子）machines and more-have wildly reduced the complexity of life. 

In the excellent book How Life Works, Philip Ball explorers the new biology, revealing life to be a far richer, more delicate affair than we have understood. Ball explains that life is a system of many levels-genes, proteins, cells, tissues, and body modules-each with its own rules and principles, so there is no unique place to look for an answer to it. 

Also, How Life Works is a much more appealing title than the overused question of "What is life?". We should be less concerned with what a thing is, and rather more focused on what a thing does. Defining a living thing implies an unchangeable ideal type, but this will run counter to the Darwinian principle that living things are four-dimensional, ever changing in time as well as space.

But it's an idea that is deeply rooted within our culture. Ball points out that we rely on metaphors（比喻）to explain and explore the complexities of life, but none suffice. We are taught that cells are machines, though no machine we have invented behaves like the simplest cell; that DNA is a code or a blueprint, though it is neither; that the brain is a computer, though no computer behaves like a brain at all.

Ball is a terrific writer, pumping out books on incredibly diverse subjects. There's a wealth of well-researched information in here, and some details that are a bit chewy for the lay reader. But the book serves as an essential introduction on our never-ending quest to understand life.

As I prepared for my Level 8 Royal Conservatory of Music piano exam, memories of previous disappointing marks filled me with dread and anxiety. The mere thought of booking the exam made me feel completely strained. However, fate had other plans in store for me.

Just when I thought things couldn't get any worse, my trusty 10﹣year﹣old electric piano malfunctioned. The middle C note played as an F﹣sharp, and multiple other keys were out of tune.

Despite my distress, my father refused to buy a new piano and instead urged me to be more resourceful. Initially, I was at a loss without my beloved electric piano. But after struggling for a few days, I was determined to find every available piano room on campus. After discovering hidden pianos in corners, I spent countless hours practicing. As my exam drew near

One day, while practicing in a piano room, one of my teachers walked in and offered me a mini exam. To my surprise, I found a place where I could be anyone.

Playing the piano became my escape from the anxieties of adolescence and allowed me to express myself freely. When it was time to play in front of the examiner, I no longer feared judgment. Instead, I only feared not being able to represent all my hard work. As the lights came on

Eventually, I received my mark. Not only did I achieve a rarely given "well done", but I also discovered a newfound appreciation for music. Whenever I feel discouraged, some lessons are best learned the hard way.

In 2011,a law was born.A kind of ladybug(瓢虫)became the state insect of North Dakota.When the governor 1 the bill into law,four kids stood behind him! 

Jaden,Logan,Megan and Isabel were in first grade 2 their idea for a law was born.Megan and Logan were farm kids and they had been 3 with the ladybug already.They knew that farmers had difficulty in controlling crop-eating pests called aphids and that ladybugs tended to 4 on aphids.The more ladybugs were around,the fewer 5 the farmers had to use.

They decided that this ladybug should be their state insect.This ladybug was of great 6 to the crops on the farm and deserved a place of honor.But they had no idea how to 7 a law.So they asked help from their teacher,who happened to 8 their local state representative.When they all met,he told the kids they would have to present facts and reasons to 9 lawmakers that North Dakota was in need of the ladybug as the state insect.

The students spent much of that first-grade spring 10 ladybugs.There was no doubt that their research was hard work 11 ,they fell in love with it."Even if we hadn't achieved what we wanted," says Jaden,"even if the bill hadn't been passed,I think it was really 12 a lot."

In the fall of their second-grade year,they were invited to speak to a committee.In 13 ,Megan wrote songs for the group to sing,they contacted more experts for support,and they practiced their presentation a lot!They showed up at the state building in ladybug costumes and presented their case.14 ,the bill was passed! 

The students want everyone to know that kids can make a 15 "Whether you are 8 or 80," says Isabel,"you have a voice in your community(社区)."

More than 50 years ago, my dad planted {#blank#}1{#/blank#} evergreen tree.He watered it and cared for it.A few {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(year) later, when it grew to about 3 feet tall, he placed its first set of Christmas lights on it.Thus our tradition began.Every Christmas ever since, this tree has lit up our neighborhood corner.

Dad passed away in November 1991.With all the emotions of his {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(pass),Thanksgiving came and went.When the topic of the tree {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(bring) up, Mom said,"Not this year."But my brother, sister and I said,"Dad would want it to be done,"so the following weekend,we {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(decorate) the tree together {#blank#}6{#/blank#} memory of him.

The tree now stands about 40 feet tall, and we have to use a beautiful cherry lift.{#blank#}7{#/blank#}(put) the top lights on.We turn the lights on the evening after Thanksgiving,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} send out light each night until New Year's Day.People drive by slowly, taking pictures or simply {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (enjoy) its beauty.Then in spring we pack the lights {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(safe) away for the next year.

A grocery store in Ann Arbor, Michigan opened on Tuesday to the public. This is an artist's uneatable creation. The Plastic Bag Store presents shelves filled with items such as meat, eggs, cakes and so on, all of which are made from single-use plastics taken from streets and garbage.

The store at times during the day will be transformed into a stage for a series of short films in which puppetry(木偶戏表演), shadow play, and handmade sets are used to tell a story of how the overabundance of plastic waste we leave behind might be misinterpreted by future generations—and how what we value least may become our most lasting "cultural legacy (遗产)".

Theater and film director Robin Frohardt is the creative driving force behind the Plastic Bag Store. "I got the idea many years ago after watching someone bag and double-bag and triple-bag my groceries," Frohardt said on Tuesday. "I just was sort of struck by how much packaging was involved in our everyday lives. And it just seemed so unreasonable. I just thought, maybe I could set up a project to change it." Combining a real-life supermarket with film experience, Frohardt planned to use art and humor to question our culture of consumption and convenience and to show one of the greatest problems of our planet.

Plastic bags are created by fossil (化石) fuels and often end up as waste in landfills and the ocean. Americans throw away 100 billion plastic grocery bags per year. She hopes that she can continue to tour with the project and bring it to different communities. "My dream would be that this project will become unnecessary one day," said Frohardt.

 "Frohardt's work reminds us, with humor, to think not just about the next two weeks, but also about the next two decades and the next two centuries. What will remain hundreds of years later? We hope that our legacy will be plays rather than piles of plastics," said Tim Tompkins, President of Times Square Alliance.

A few notable moments from my most recent volunteering at the Children's Hospital never escape me.

After we had 1 with the nurses, Dr. Tiny and I went to our first room, inside which were a mother and a two-year-old boy. This young boy was 2 on the bed, jumping up and down. Mom looked at us with a sense of expectation and curiosity. She was trying to calm her son, but she couldn't. Dr. Tiny 3 his tool and waved it through the air creating bubbles (肥皂泡) in front of the child. I had a 4 with me. I started to play gentle, 5 music. As we did this, the young boy watched the bubbles with his eyes, and began to rock 6 gently to the music. He slowly reached out his hand to 7 the bubbles. We glanced over at the mom and noticed that she, too, had become 8 .

Later, we walked into another room at the Emergency Department. The patient was a teenage boy who had met with a terrible 9 , leaving him unable to sit up. 10 , he could raise his head with 11 to see us as we entered the room. He saw our guitar. "Play me a song," he said, "The Red Nose Reindeer."

I quickly adjusted my guitar, 12 my throat, and began to sing, "Jingle bells, Jingle bells, Jingle all the way…" The patient looked up with a look of 13 . With a smile, he said, "Play The Red Nose Reindeer, please!" Dr. Tiny looked at me and said, "You are starting to embarrass us." I glanced at Dr. Tiny and the patient, 14 for getting it wrong I began to sing again. As Dr. Tiny and I sang the song, the patient sang along and laughed. "That was a good one!" he shouted 15 .