题型：阅读理解 题类：真题 难易度：普通
Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of prenatal involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.
The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting(养育子女) where schools except them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to
school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.
Kaith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be
involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was
parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the task." They may
either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice."
Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically
insignificant.
Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved
parents ", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success." A big
surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项 （A 、B 、C 和 D ）中，选出最佳选项。
Here are some of the world's most impressive subways．
The Tokyo Metro and Toei Lines | Features: The Tokyo Metro and Toei lines that compose Tokyo's massive subway system carry almost 8 million people each day, making it the busiest system in the world. The system is famous for its oshiya— literally, “pusher”— who shove passengers into crowded subway cars so the doors can close. And you think your commute is hell． |
The Moscow Metro | Features: The Moscow Metro has some of the most beautiful stations in the world. The best of them were built during the Stalinist era and feature chandeliers, marble moldings and elaborate murals. With more than 7 million riders a day, keeping all that marble clean has got to be a burden. |
The Hong Kong Metro | Features: The Hong Kong MTR has the distinction of being one of the few subway systems in the world that actually turns a profit. It's privately owned and uses real estate development along its tracks to increase income and ridership. It also introduced “Octopus cards” that allow people to not only pay their fares electronically, but buy stuff at convenience stores, supermarkets, restaurants and even parking meters. It's estimated that 95 % of all adults in Hong Kong own an Octopus card. |
Shanghai Metro | Features: Shanghai is the third city in China to build a metro system, and it has become the country's largest in the 12 years since it opened. Shanghai Metro has 142 miles of track and plans to add another 180 miles within five years. By that point, it would be three times larger than Chicago “L”. The system carries about 2.18 million people a day. |
The London Metro | Features: Londoners call their subway the Underground, even though 55 percent of it lies above ground．No matter when you've got the oldest mass-transit system in the world, you can call it anything you like. Trains started in1863 and they've been running ever since. Some 3 million people ride each day, every one of them remembering to “Mind the gap”. |
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