- 二一组卷

题型：阅读选择题类：真题难易度：困难

山东省威海市2019年中考英语试卷

阅读下列短文，从文后每小题A、B、C选项中选择最佳答案。

We know people can be nice, but what about animals?

Scientists say that some animals are capable(有能力的)of being nice. Animals that live in groups-like foxes, chimpanzees(大猩猩), and elephants-follow rules. They have to follow rules to get along and to survive(生存). However, animals can act nicely, even when they don't have to. Here are some surprising stories about animal behavior.

Most people usually walk away when someone is unkind to them. Marc Bekoff, a researcher at the University of Colorado, saw a female(母的)red fox do just that. The female fox was unhappy because a male(公的)fox played roughly(粗鲁地)with her. When she walked away, the male fox showed her that he wanted to play nicely. He lowered his head and rolled on his back. The female fox gave him another chance, and this time, he played more gently.

Geza Teleki is a scientist who studies chimpanzees in Tanzania. One day, Teleki hiked far away from his campsite. He didn't have any food. Teleki wanted some fruit from a tree, but the tree was too tall. A young chimpanzee watched him curiously as he tried to get something to eat. The chimpanzee climbed the tree, picked the fruit, and gave it to him!

An elephant in Kenya hurt his trunk(象鼻子). He needed help because he couldn't put food into his mouth. Researcher Kayhan Ostovar watched silently. He saw the hurt elephant show his sore trunk to a healthy elephant. The healthy elephant didn't need any more information. He took a bush and put it carefully into his new friend's mouth.

Hippos(河马)and crocodiles are usually good friends. They hang out together in rivers. But Karen Paolillo, a wildlife expert in Zimbabwe, saw something surprising. One day, a crocodile tried to eat a monkey that was next to a river. A hippo ran quickly to the crocodile and chased it away. Why did the hippo attack(攻击)the crocodile? Paolillo says hippos sometimes protect other animals from crocodiles.

（1）、The main idea of the passage is .

A、animals that live in groups follow rules B、some animals can be nice to other animals C、most animals are nice to people

（2）、The underlined phrase "do just that" means .

A、be nice B、play roughly C、walk away

（3）、We can say that Teleki .

A、is short B、hates hiking C、could not climb the tree

（4）、The elephant needed help because .

A、the tree was too tall B、it could not use its trunk C、it had no food

（5）、The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to .

A、the crocodile B、the chimpanzee C、the monkey

举一反三

    What makes 15,000 men and women run for hours, and what makes them run through the streets on a cold day without coats? I was one of those runners. The race is called marathon (马拉松).
    I had never run more than eight miles before, and here I was training. Since the race is in April, I had to run throughout the winter, and in Boston, winters are cold. For most people, just putting on their shirts, sweaters, jackets, and hats is exercise enough. I found myself out on the dark streets, running along ice sidewalks (人行道). Even in gloves, my fingers got so cold that they looked like red carrots. My nose didn't get warm until lunchtime!
    Finally, the big day arrived. The weather was cold, with ice and rain. Bang! The gun sounded, and we started. I didn't go anywhere at first because I was standing behind so many people. I had to wait for them to move.
    At first, the running was easy. The other runners just seemed to pull me along. Somewhere around the 20-mile mark I even said to myself, "This is nothing, why did I train so hard?"
    Then I hit "the wall". "The wall" is what marathon runners call the special point. I knew my body reached the point and I thought I couldn't go any more. I was out of breath and my legs turned into pieces of wood. I was almost falling down. I can't remember anything about the last five miles of the race.
    I kept running though. At last, I heard a voice at the finishing line.
    "You look good," my friend Ted said. "How did it feel?"
    "Wonderful !" I replied.
    For everything, if you devote yourself into it, there will be a way. I finished the race, at least, in my heart, I was the winner.

    There is not enough oil in the world now. As time goes by, it becomes less and less, so what are we going to do when it runs out? Perhaps we will go back to use horses, carriages and bicycles.
    In the Second World War, some people didn't use gas made from petroleum （石油）in their cars. They made gas from wood and plants instead. The cars didn't go fast, but they ran, so this was better than nothing. However, in the future, we can't cut down all our trees to make gas; we need our trees for other things, too.
    Besides different types of gas, we can also use electricity(电) to run our cars but first we must make the electricity! Some countries have coal and they make electricity with that, but we might not always have coal, either. Other countries have big, strong rivers and they can use the power of water to turn turbines(涡轮机) and make electricity more easily and cheaply.
    We are also able to get power from the ocean tides. We put turbines into the mouth of the river. Then the tide comes in, the water turns the turbines and then it goes out, it turns them again.
    Which of these ways will be used to run our cars in the future?

阅读下面材料，然后按文后要求做题。

“Mirror (镜子) mirror on the wall, what film is on in the cinema?”

Now with this new mirror, you can brush your teeth and read news at the same time in your bathroom. Now not many people have this kind of mirror, but it will be popular very soon.

The mirror works with new software (软件). You can use it to get news. You can also make your calendar (日程表) on it. It can also tell you what to wear because it knows the weather (天气). The mirror is very clever. You can write notes on it for family members.

There's another kind of new mirror, too. It can get much information from the user's clothes. It tells the user what clothes make him or her look good. Going shopping or eating out? Wait a minute! The mirror can give you coupons (优惠券), too.

阅读理解

Thousands of years ago,in the south of ancient China,there lived Shennong,a man who had an ox head and human body.Seeing that local people were suffering from disease,he built ladders and houses on a high mountain to store hundreds of medical plants.To remember him,people named the place shennongjia.

The legend(传说）makes Shennongjia in Hubei an inciting place for tourists.Traveling there is a unique experience,as you can see sceneries of the four seasons from different altitudes(海拔）.“When the bottom of the mountain is summer,the top is spring and while the foothill is autumn,the top is covered with ice,”local people say of the special climate of Shennongjia.

Shennongjia is also home to 5,000 species of animals and plants.Many animals in danger live there,such as the golden monkey,the clouded leopard and the Asian black bear.

One interesting and mysterious(奇妙的）thing about Shennongjia is its legend of wild men.Some people once claimed that they saw big prints or big-foot creatures.Yet so far,scientists haven't proved it is true and some say they are just bears.

The beautiful place has recently received a new title.On July 17,2016,Shennongjia Forestry District was added to United Nations World Heritage list as a natural site.Chins now has 50 world heritage sites(遗址），second only to Italy in the world.

阅读理解

Animals are natural resources that people have wasted all through our history. Animals have been killed for their fur and feathers, for food, for sports, and simply because they were in the way. Thousands of kinds of animals have disappeared from the Earth forever. Hundreds of animals are on the danger list today. About 170 kinds in the United States alone are considered in danger. Why should people care? Because we need animals, and because once they are gone, there will never be any more. Animals are more than just beautiful or interesting. They are more than just a source of food. Every animal has its place in the balance of nature. Destroying one kind of animal can create many problems. For example, when farmers killed large numbers of hawks, the farmers' stores of corn and grain were destroyed by rats and mice. Why? Because hawks eat rats and mice, with no hawks to keep down their numbers, the rats and mice multiplied quickly.

Luckily, some people are working to help save the animals. Some groups raise money to let people know about the problem. And they try to get the governments to pass laws protecting animals in danger. Quite a few countries have passed laws. These laws forbid the killing of any animal or plant on the danger list. Slowly, the number of some animals in danger is growing.

阅读理解

People worldwide are doing something to protect the earth. As kids，we can also try our best to help. We can do the following.

●Change a light. Change a regular light to a more energy-efficient(节能的)light.

●Drive less. Walk, ride or use public transportation. Ask your parents to drive less. By this way, we can make less pollution.

●Recycle more. Think before you throw away trash. Throw trash into different trash cans, and this helps recycle.

●Use less hot water. It takes a lot of energy to heat water like a bath instead of a shower, and wash clothes in cold or warm water.

●Adjust(调节)your air-conditioning. Move it down 2℃ in winter and up 2℃ in summer than you want it to be. This helps save electricity.

●Plant a tree. Any tree can take away one ton of CO₂ through its lifetime.

●Turn off the electricity. Remember to turn off your TV, and cell phone charger(充电器)when not in use.

This will help save electricity and reduce CO₂.

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