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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省临汾第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    If you've been in public in the past year or so, chances are you've noticed someone breaking dining etiquette (礼仪) that would seem second-nature to any adult. Why does our dining etiquette seem to be at an all-time low right now.

    "Overall, there is much less feeling about the common good, which means caring about your neighbor—whether at home or in a restaurant," said Steven, who writes articles for USA Today.

    Take the use of cellphone at the table for example. While a 2015 survey by the Pew Research Center found that 38 percent of those surveyed thought it was acceptable to use their phones while dining out, the increasing number of cellphone bans in restaurant shows that restaurants aren't putting up with it.

    However, some look on the growing use of cellphones as a sign that manners change alongside our society.

    "Manners change," said the writer behind a food site The Takeout. "What we consider improper isn't set in stone." She points out the other "rules" that have since become outdated nowadays, like saying "Sir" and "Ma'am," as proof of this change.

    Yes, traditional manners are yet another thing being redefined by youth. "Younger people are growing up in a world with more flexible rules, and this spreads to the dining table," said Daniel Levine, director of global trends consultancy The Avant-Guide Institute.

    Whether you prefer high-end restaurants or a fast-casual meal, the biggest reason behind the decline of manners may just be a numbers game.

    "I believe it is more likely for people to break dining 'rules' because they go out and eat more often," said Diane Gottsman, owner of The Protocol School of Texas. "Years ago, people stayed home and sat around the family table. Today, there are more people in the workforce, which makes it more affordable for socializing and eating out. With new chance comes the possibility for more dining problems."

(1)、What did the 2015 survey find?
A、Many people accepted using phones at the table. B、Cellphones were banned in more and more restaurants. C、Most of the surveyed people used phones while eating out. D、Few restaurants took positions on using phones while eating.
(2)、Why was the example of "Sir" and "Ma'am" mentioned?
A、To show modern people are becoming impolite. B、To explain dining rules in high-end restaurants. C、To prove dining etiquette changes through time. D、To argue young people are making dining rules today.
(3)、According to Diane Gottsman, people forget their dining manners more often because ________.
A、they think they are unimportant. B、they grew up with flexible rules. C、they have more chances to eat out. D、they must hurry meals to get back to work.
(4)、What's the author's purpose in writing this text?
A、To introduce changes in dining manners. B、To encourage people to have dining manners. C、To report survey findings on dining manners. D、To discuss the reasons for poor dining manners.
举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Are you new to experiencing relationships ? Well, let me give you some advice on how to have a healthy relationship with your partners.

    Be an honest person with them. Don't hide things from them, and don't lie. Don't be afraid to say things that aren't flattering about yourself. Getting them to trust you is the most important thing in any relationship. If there is no trust, there's nothing there. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Make sure you give them respect. Now, respect isn't just simply treating them nicely. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} You have to learn to adjust to their liking. Basically, learn to study your partner's moods, wants and needs. Don't just think about yourself, but think about what your partners need as well.

    Make sure you are encouraging to your partners. Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positive things at the time {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Make them feel you are someone they can count on and build a future with.

    Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, and joke with them {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive.

    Make sure the communication is good. This usually goes along with trust, so always communicate how you feel even if it's something that upsets you. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} If they did something that made you unhappy, tell them about it in a respectful manner. It's important to communicate this to them, not to keep it bottled up.

A.There is a lot more to it.

B.Show them your personality.

C.Instead of screaming, talk to them.

D.Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.

E.So please be honest and they'll learn to open up to you.

F.Don't expect too much in a relationship.

G.Your partners should be able to count on you when necessary.

阅读理解

    A qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing.He once said: “Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover.” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modern short story.

    When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family.After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.

    As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less.Chekhov's medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference (冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events.In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.

    Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia.Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.

    It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov's stories and plays.He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters.Chekhov's work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感) of an artist.

    Some of Chekhov's works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s.One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell, about a school teacher's extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.

阅读理解

    I log onto a computer at the doctor's office to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.

    There, a robotic nurse directs me onto a device and then takes my blood pressure. Some time later, in steps the doctor, who is also a robot. He notes down my symptoms and gives me a prescription (处方). I pay for my visit using a credit card machine and return home without having met another human being.

    When I call my dentist's office and actually get a human being on the line, I am thrilled. And when I see the introduction of yet more self-service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like shouting, “When it comes to cashiers, make mine human, please!”

    After all, human cashiers sometimes give you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying. Even more than that, real-life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can brighten a young mother's day. A cashier may also show compassion (同情) for an elderly person struggling to get that last penny out of her purse.

    What technological device would do any of this? I don't want to go back to the Stone Age, but I'm also worried about a world run by machines. Sometimes when you're chatting with someone, you discover things you need to know. Maybe a receptionist needs prayers said for a sick child. Maybe a salesperson can offer a bit of encouragement to a customer who is feeling tired.

Machines can be efficient and cost-effective and they often get the job done just fine. But they lack an element so important to everyday life.

    Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart. It is something no machine will ever have. It is being human that prompts us to smile at others, which may be what they need at that moment.

阅读理解

    On February 6, Space X, a private US aerospace company owned by Elon Musk, has successfully launched its new Falcon Heavy spacecraft, making it the world's most powerful rocket.

    Falcon Heavy is the largest rocket since the retirement of NASA's Saturn V, which was used for the Moon missions in the 1970s. “Falcon Heavy can launch about 64 tonnes into low Earth orbit-that's almost three times more than the current running biggest launch vehicle, Delta IV Heavy, ”Imperial College astrophysicist David Clements told AI Jazeera. According to Space X, Falcon Heavy can lift into orbit a mass greater than a 737 jet loaded with passengers, crew, luggage and fuel.

    The rocket was designed with the idea of earning humans into space and opening the possibility of flying missions with people to the Moon and even Mars. For its first voyage, it carried Musk's $ 100,000 cherry-red Tesla sports car and a fake space-suited human model fixed in the driver's seat. Musk joked that “it may be discovered by some future alien race”.

    Falcon Heavy went into space on its last flight on February 6. The launch took place at NASA's Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and Kennedy Space Center in the US state of Florida, the spot also used for the Apollo 11 Moon mission and several space shuttle launches. It was delayed by several hours because of high winds in the upper atmosphere. Minutes after take-off, the two outer boosters (助推器) landed at the nearby Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.

    Space X announced plans to eventually use Falcon Heavy to launch two paying space tourists on a trip around the Moon. However, Musk said he will probably reserve that mission for another launch system, the BFR. Recently, Space X scheduled to launch a Falcon 9 rocket for NASA's TESS mission on March 20, 2018. It is reported that Space X is scheduled to complete 30 independent launch missions in 2018, at least half of which will use Falcon 9.

阅读理解

    In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of (土著的)people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own Laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony of the French Republic since 1946. In theory,they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.

    The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman form Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote comers of thin area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.

    “I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years," says Gin. "I've been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don't see it as a lawless Und. But rather I Me it as an area of freedom."

    “I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life," continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”

    His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic, which bring with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.

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