Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food {#blank#}1{#/blank#} at the supermarket. Since you really{#blank#}2{#/blank#} yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help{#blank#}3{#/blank#}_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.

    Governments don't have to{#blank#}4{#/blank#}healthier lifestyles through laws  for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with{#blank#}5{#/blank#}hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.

    The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to {#blank#}6{#/blank#}foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains{#blank#}7{#/blank#}by looking at the lights on the package. A green light {#blank#}8{#/blank#}_that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be{#blank#}9{#/blank#}; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.

根据语境，用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。（每个短语仅使用一次）

Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age

    New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预)for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.

    There is a dominant view among scientists and policy-makers. They believes, for the greatest effect, interventions need to be {#blank#}1{#/blank#} early in life, when children's brain function and behavior are thought to be more flexible. However, according to the new research, it's time to stop focusing on when we intervene with parenting, and just continue helping children in need of all ages.

    Just published in Child Development, the study is one of the first to {#blank#}2{#/blank#} this age assumption. Parenting interventions are a common and effective tool for reducing child behavior problems, but studies of age effects have produced different results until now.

    A team led by Professor Frances Fardner {#blank#}3{#/blank#}data from over 15,000 families from all over the world, and found no evidence that earlier is better.  Older children benefited just as much as younger ones from parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems. There was no evidence that earlier interventions are more powerful. This was based on {#blank#}4{#/blank#} data from more than 150 different experiments.

    What's more, their economic analysis found that interventions with older children were {#blank#}5{#/blank#} more likely to be cost-effective.

    Professor Gardner commented: “When there is {#blank#}6{#/blank#} about behavioral difficulties in younger children, our findings should never be used as a reason to delay intervention, otherwise, children and families will suffer for longer.” She continued, “As for {#blank#}7{#/blank#} parenting interventions for reducing behavior problems in childhood, we should stick to the principle, 'it's never too early, never too late', rather than 'earlier is better'.”

    The study draws the conclusion that it makes sense to invest in parenting interventions for children at all ages with behavioral difficulties, because they are no more likely to be {#blank#}8{#/blank#} in younger than older children, at least in the pre-adolescents.

    Of course, there's more work to be done. The experiments conducted were {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to pre-adolescents, to shorter-term effects, and parent-reported assessment of child outcomes. Future studies are needed that focus on adolescents, longer-term outcomes, and using multiple sources for {#blank#}10{#/blank#} child behavior problems.

Celebrity (名人) has become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity {#blank#}1{#/blank#} to any given product. Besides, fashion magazines have almost abandoned the {#blank#}2{#/blank#} of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. As a result, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market {#blank#}3{#/blank#}, moving from advertising for others' products to developing their own.

Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past, they were typically aimed at the ordinary consumers, and limited to a few TV actresses. Today they're started by first-class stars whose products enjoy {#blank#}4{#/blank#}fame with some world top brands. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they try to {#blank#}5{#/blank#}their production scale rapidly, covering almost all the products of daily life.

However, for every success story, there's a related warning tale of a celebrity who overvalued his consumer {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. No matter how famous the product's origin is, if it fails to impress consumers with its own qualities, it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the {#blank#}7{#/blank#}attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, loyalty returning to tried-and-true labels.

Today, celebrities face even more severe embarrassment. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover has speeded up as well. Each misstep is likely to {#blank#}8{#/blank#}to reduce a celebrity's shelf life, and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him fame has no problem picking him to pieces when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego's (自我的) potential for expansion is {#blank#}9{#/blank#}. Having already achieved great wealth and public {#blank#}10{#/blank#}, many celebrities see fashion as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time, but fashion—like celebrity—has always been temporary.