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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

广东省深圳市深圳中学2018-2019学年八年级下学期英语开学考试试卷

阅读理解

    What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a "staph" infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.

    Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.

    The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can't see them. They're too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment fail. That's why dishes are covered.

    Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. "By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph."

    This is how penicillin was found. But here's the real miracle. There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds. In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!

(1)、During the experiments to find a medicine for staph infections, ________.
A、the dishes were not covered B、staph and mold were put together C、mold was kept in small dishes D、staph was grown in small dishes
(2)、The word "dreaded" means "______________".
A、famous B、scary C、health D、endangered
(3)、The last paragraph suggests that _______.
A、accidents happen to everyone B、the careful person does not have accidents C、the careless person will miss valuable chances D、luck is enough when doing scientific experiments
(4)、Most of this passage is written by ______.
A、telling an unusual story B、showing the results of experiments C、offering some reasons D、giving some advice
(5)、This passage is mainly about ______.
A、medicine for a staph infection B、useful accidents C、Dr. Fleming's research D、discovering penicillin
举一反三

阅读理解

When settlers (移民)came to America during the 1600s, they were surprised to find so many trees. Some trees were so huge that a large man could not put his arms around them. Those trees helped the settlers a lot. They were glad and thankful to have these trees. They used them to build houses and make fire. From the wood of the trees, they made furniture, tools and so on.

Most people thought the forests would last forever. However, by 1800, America had its first wood shortage (短缺). How did it happen? People had not known that trees were being cut down faster than new ones could grow.

Some American people made trips to foreign countries. There they saw destroyed forests and learnt the importance of protecting forests. They came back to the United States and warned that if Americans didn't use trees more carefully and wisely, someday the forests would all be gone. However, people were not ready to listen. Years went by, and America's forests kept disappearing. It made some people really worried. But they did nothing.

Finally, J. Sterling Morton, the man who is remembered as the father of Arbor Day (过节), got people to listen. He named a Tree-Planting Day, or Arbor Day. He worked hard to make Arbor Day a national holiday. On that day, people usually plant a lot of trees.

Today, millions of trees have been planted in the United States because of Arbor Day. Arbor Day is such a good idea that many other countries now also have Arbor Day. Many, many trees are being planted all over the world because of J. Sterling Morton's work.

阅读理解

    Have you ever heard someone use the phrase"once in a blue moon"?People use this expression to describe something that they do not do very often.For example,someone might say that he tries to avoid eating sweets because they are unhealthy,but will eat chocolate"once in a blue moon".Or someone who does not usually like to go to the beach might say"I visit the shore once in a blue moon."While many people use this phrase,not everyone knows the meaning behind it.

    The first thing to know is that the moon itself is never really blue.This is just an expression.In fact,the phrase"blue moon"has to do with the shape of the moon,not the color.

    As the moon travels around the earth,it appears to change shape.We connect names with certain shapes of the moon.For example,when we can see a small part of the moon,it is called a crescent moon.A crescent is a shape that looks like the tip of a fingernail(指甲尖).When we cannot see the moon at all,it is called a new moon.When we can see the whole moon,it is called a full moon.Usually,there is only one full moon every month.Sometimes,however,there are two full moons in one month.When this happens,the second full moon is called"a blue moon".

    Over the next 20years,there will only be 15blue moons.So you can seldom see a blue moon. This fact has led people to use the expression"once in a blue moon"to describe things they don't often do in their lives.

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