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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

云南省玉溪一中2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    Over millions of years, African penguins have developed a keen sense of where to find food. Once they're old enough, they set off from the shores on which they were hatched(孵化) for the first time and swim long distances in search of tasty fish like anchovies and sardines. But they don't search directly for the fish themselves. When African penguins head out to sea, they look for areas with low surface temperatures and high chlorophyll(叶绿素). Because those conditions signal the presence of algae(藻类). And lots of algae means lots of plankton(浮游动物), which in turn means lots of their favorite fish. Well, that's what it used to mean.

    Climate change plus overfishing have made the penguin feeding grounds a mirage(海市蜃楼). The habitat is indeed plankton﹣rich, but now it's fish﹣poor. Researchers call this an "ecological trap." "It's a situation where you have a signal that previously pointed an animal towards good﹣quality habitat. That habitat has been changed, usually by human pressures. The signal stays, but the quality in the environment gets worse."

    Richard Sherley, a zoologist at the University of Exeter and his team used satellite imaging to track the African penguins from eight sites along southern Africa. Historically, the birds benefited from tons of fish off the coasts of Angola, Namibia and western South Africa, but now they're going hungry.

    "I was really hoping we'd see them going east, and finding areas which the fish had moved to but it ends up being quite a sad story for the penguins." said Richard.

    The researchers calculate that by falling into this ecological trap, African penguin populations on South Africa's Western Cape have declined by around 80 percent.

    Some research groups are exploring the idea of moving them to a place where they can't get trapped, like the Eastern Cape. But Sherley thinks that a solution in the long run means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable(可持续的) fishing industry, which needs public support.

(1)、How do penguins find their food?
A、They discover fish with their keen sense. B、They swim long distances directly for fish. C、They make signals to each other when finding fish. D、They look for warmer and greener areas.
(2)、What is an ecological trap for the African penguins?
A、A trap set to catch penguins. B、A good fish habitat with few fish. C、A habitat rich in plankton. D、A mirage on the sea.
(3)、What can be done to help the penguins in the long run?
A、Move the penguins to other places. B、Create nature reserves for penguins. C、Keep a balanced fishing industry. D、Increase the population of penguins.
(4)、What is the main idea of the passage?
A、African penguins are losing their habitats. B、African penguins are falling into ecological traps. C、A sustainable development is needed. D、African penguin populations have declined.
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

    James Cleveland Owens was the son of a farmer and grandson of black slaves. His family moved to Cleveland when he was 9. There a school teacher asked his name.

    “J.C.,” he replied. She thought he had said “Jesse”, so he had a new name.

    Owens ran his first race at age 13. After high school, he went to Ohio State University. He had to work part-time so as to pay for his education. As a second year student, in the Big Ten games in 1935, he set even more records than he would in the Olympic Games a year later.

    A week before the Big Ten meet, Ovens accidentally fell down a flight of stairs. His back hurt so much that he could not exercise all week, and he had to be helped in and out of the car that drove him to the meet. He refused to listen to the suggestions that he give up and said he would try, event by event. He did try, and the results are in the record book.

    The stage was set for Ovens victory at the Olympic Games in Berlin the next year, and his success would come to be regarded as not only athletic(体育运动的)but also political. Hitler did not congratulate any of the African American winners.

    “It was all right with me,” he said years later. “I didn't go to Berlin to shake hands with him, anyway.”

    Having returned from Berlin, he received no telephone call from the president of his own country, either. In fact, he was not honored(给予荣誉)by the United States until 1976, four year before his death.

    Ovens' Olympic victories made little difference to him. He earned his living by looking after a school playground, and accepted money to race against cars, trucks, motorcycles and dogs.

    “Sure, it bothered me,” he said later. “But at least it was an honest living. I had to eat.”

    In time, however, his gold medals changed his life. “They have kept me alive over the years,” he once said. “Time has stood still for me. That golden moment dies hard.”

阅读理解

    As we all know,drinking beers while running can upset the stomach.However,that's all part of the attraction of the Beer Mile,a unique race that has participants competing in running and drinking.The Beer Mile Race started off as a tradition in 1990,when a group of Canadians thought it would be fun to race each other while drinking a few beers.But it has come a long way since then.The Beer Mile Race is now a major sporting event with around 100,000 official competitors,brand name sponsors and so on.In 2015,the first Beer Mile World Classic was held in San Francisco,where all of the record holders from Canada and the United States came together for the competition.But this year,the event was organized in London,in an effort to take in more competitors about the sport outside North America.

    The rules of the race are pretty simple: runners have to consume four beers before each of the four 400-meter laps making up the famous Beer Mile.The beers can come in bottles or cans but should not be less than 355ml and must be at least 5% alcohol.The drink like apple juice will not do.Runners must drink the beers within a 10 meter zone before the start/finish line and then they are required to tip the bottle/can over their heads to confirm it is empty.

    In the case of vomiting(呕吐)during the race,and yes,there's quite a bit of that during the Beer.Mile,offenders must complete one more lap at the end of the race.Organizers mention that even in the case of vomiting several times, only one more lap must be completed.

    This year,the Elite Men's race was won by Canadian Corey Bellemore,who also set a new world record with a time of 4 minutes and 34 seconds.“I just drink the beers as quickly as I could,hold them down and get the burps(饱嗝)out,”Corey said.“If you can drink a beer in 8 seconds and also run very fast with a feeling of vomiting,then you'll be fine like me.”

阅读理解

    Dining in a completely dark room, unaware what's on your plate while sitting next to a complete stranger may not sound like an ideal restaurant experience but it's certainly an intriguing way to spend a rainy night in London.

    Dans le Noir, close to London's financial district, is a restaurant full of blind waiters and waitresses who become your eyes around the restaurant, whose original Paris branch opened in 2004.

    In the bar with the light, you choose whether you want the fish, meat or vegetable, but the dishes themselves remain a secret, as do the ingredients of the “surprise” cocktails. Bags, coats and devices(设备) that light up, including watches and mobile phones, are kept in the bar. Placing your hand on the shoulder of your guide, you are led to a table in a black dining room that sets up to 60 people. And it is dark.

    The waiters tell you when the food is being placed down in front of you, then the fun begins, trying to get food into your mouth, then identifying just what it is that's on your plate, and finally whether you have missed any of it.

    It's also a great chance to break social convention and eat using your fingers. Those same fingers are also the only way you can tell how much wine you're pouring into your glass.

    The happy atmosphere in the dining room also made the night memorable. You can't really avoid talking to the person next to you at the long tables and guessing what the dishes are certainly provides adequate fuel for the conversations.

    All will be revealed at the end of the meal when you are led back out into the lit bar. Not only do you finally get to see what you've just been eating but also who you've been talking to for the last 90 minutes.

阅读理解

    A MENTORING (导师制)program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth. Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.

    Alex Goldberg, the program's founder, said: "We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook." "We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make a difference to our youth. For example, we've secured internships (实习)with world-famous firms such as Honda."

    "At a time of funding cutbacks, schools are finding it more and more difficult to offer this kind of mentoring because of that- It is extremely important that these opportunities are available both to help youth with their school work and grades and to give them opportunities which may help shape their futures." Kieran Hepbum, 14, is one of a group of Banbury youth who has benefited from the program so far. In October the Banbury School pupil was accompanied by Young Inspirations staff to Paris where he was an observer at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's (UNESCO) International Youth Forum(论坛).

    The event was held for young people from around the world, to seek their views on how the future of youth and education should look. Kieran joined several hundred observers mostly in their 20s and was the only UK school pupil to attend the event. Kieran thinks the trip was a life changing experience. Before we left 1 didn't quite know what to make of it but when we got there we didn't stop, it was amazing" he said, "We went to three or four hours of debates each day and then did something cultural each afternoon."

    The main theme of the forum was how youth can drive change in political and public life. It  dealt with issues(问题)such as drug abuse, violence and unemployment. kieran said: It has really helped me to improve my confidence and social skills as well as my school grades and I was voted most improved pupil at school in August."

    The Young Inspirations mentoring sessions take place each Friday in Banbury. For details visit www.younginsviratiom.com.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    The 2019 Beijing Horticultural Expo, the largest of its kind, has chosen the theme "Live Green, Live Better". The expo, opened on April 29 in Yanqing District of Beijing, is scheduled to last for 162 days until October 7.

    Tickets available

    *Standard day ticket

    *Designated day ticket

    *Discounted ticket

    *Group ticket

    Designated days

    *Labor Day holiday (May 1-4)

    *Dragon Boat Festival holiday (June 7-9)

    *Mid-Autumn Festival holiday (Sept 13-15)

    *National Day holiday (Oct 1-7)

    Tickets prices

    *Standard day ticket: 120 yuan

    *Ordinary designated day ticket: 160 yuan

    *Discounted standard day ticket: 80 yuan

    *Discounted designated day ticket: 120 yuan

    Tickets are free for children under the age of six or shorter than 130 centimeters. Discounted tickets are available for those with disabilities, seniors (people aged at 60 or above), children, students and PLA soldiers.

    Where to buy

    Visitors can buy or book tickets from two online agents, seven travel agencies, or three event channels—the event WeChat account, the event app or Onsite ticket kiosks.

Opening hours

Opening at

Deadline for ticket sales

Deadline for admission

Closing at

8 am

6 pm

6:30 pm

9 pm

Requirements

    Buying tickets for Expo 2019 Beijing requires real-name registration, and all visitors are required to input information from their ID cards (or valid passports, mainland travel permits for Hong Kong and Macao residents, and mainland travel permits for Taiwan residents) to buy or book tickets online.

阅读理解

    Humans and elephants don't always get along. In Africa and Asia, elephants damage equipment, farmers' crops, and natural habitat for other species. If an elephant becomes a problem, humans may kill it. So local people and animal protectionists are trying to find better ways to keep elephants away from sensitive places. Now, researchers think they have a good tool to prevent elephants: honeybee pheromones (信息素).

    “Elephants dislike being stung(叮咬) in the trunk, because it's an extremely sensitive organ. Imagine being stung in your nose by a bee, and multiply that a few thousand times.” said Mark Wright, a professor at the University of Hawaii.

    Kenyan farmers have long known that if they hang live beehives (蜂箱) around their farms, they will drive elephants away. The problem is how to manage hundreds of thousands of hives, if you have a huge area to protect. And then the idea came up to look at the alarm pheromones, which are chemicals that the bees release to launch an attack on something that's damaging the hive.

    So the researchers tested out an artificial mixture of chemicals that imitates (模仿) honey bees' alarm pheromones. The researchers hung white socks treated with the artificial mixture as well as untreated control socks around an elephant watering hole, and then observed the animals' behavior. “Elephants are really curious creatures. They'll walk along and see something like a sock hanging on a branch. If it's not treated with the alarm pheromones, they'll pick it up, throw it around, and try to taste it, things like that. And in the case of the treated ones, they would show immediate signs of unease or uncertainty, and they'd eventually back off from them.”

    In order to avoid the elephants more effectively, the researchers plan to make the pheromone mixture purer. That way, elephants will stay far away from wherever they should not be going-and both elephants and humans can coexist a bit more peacefully.

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