题型:完形填空 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
上海市师大附中2018-2019学年高三下学期英语3月月考试卷
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Microsoft Corp founder Bill Gates caught people's eye in a recent interview, when he suggested that robots should be taxed in, order to help humans keep their jobs. Gates is only one of many people in the tech world who have worried about automation and its 1 to workers.
It's easy to see why the tech world is 2. The rise of machine learning has increased the fear that 3 humans could simply become out of date--4, 3.5 million American truck drivers might soon find their jobs threatened by driverless trucks. Though in the past, technology usually complemented workers 5 replacing them, there's no law of nature saying the technology of the future will work the same. A few economists even claim that cheap automation has already 6 income from workers to company owners.
Another 7 is that even if the mass of humanity ultimately does find new ways to add value by complementing new technology—to “race with the machines,” as economist Erik Brynjofsson puts it—this transition could take a long time and hurt a lot of people. As Bloomberg View's Tyler Cowen has noted, wages in Britain fell for four decades at the start of the Industrial Revolution. More 8, we've seen very slow and painful adjustment to the impact of globalization. If the machine learning revolution hurts workers for 40 years before ultimately helping them, it might be worth it to 9 that revolution and give them time to adjust.
The main argument against taxing the robots is that it might hold back 10. Growth in rich countries has slowed markedly in the past decade, suggesting that it's getting harder and harder to find new ways of doing things. Stagnating productivity, combined with falling business investment, suggests that 11 of new technology is currently too slow rather than too fast—the biggest problem right now isn't too many robots, it's too few. Taxing new technology, however it's done, could make that slowdown worse.
The problem with Gate's basic proposal is that it's very hard to tell the difference between new technology that12 humans and new technology that replaces them. This is especially true over the long term. Power looms(织布机)replaced human weavers back in the Industrial Revolution. 13, people eventually became more productive, by learning to operate those looms. If taxes had slowed the development of power looms, the eventual improvements would have come later.
This is a powerful argument 14 the taxation of automation. Gates is right to say that we should start thinking ahead of time about how to use policy to mitigate(缓和)the unintended consequences of automation. But given the importance of sustaining innovation, we should look at 15 policies.
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