题型：阅读理解 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
湖南省益阳市2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷（音频暂未更新）
Both humans and animals have enemies. It is easy for us to know the difference between our friends and our enemies. But can other animals do the same? Elephants can! They can use their sense of vision and smell to tell the difference between people who mean a threat and those who do not. In Kenya, researchers find that elephants react differently to clothing worn by men of the Maasai and Kamba ethnic groups. Young Maasai men hunt animals and thus mean a threat to elephants; Kamba men are mainly farmers and are not a danger to elephants.
In an experiment conducted by animal scientists, elephants were first presented with clean clothing or clothing that had been worn for five days by either a Maasai or a Kamba man. When the elephants noticed the smell of clothing worn by a Maasai man, they moved away from the smell faster and took longer to relax than when they noticed the smells of either clean clothing or clothing worn by a Kamba man.
Clothing color also plays a role. In the same study, when the elephants saw red clothing not worn before, they reacted angrily, as red is typically worn by Maasai men. Rather than running away as they did with the smell, the elephants acted angrily toward the red clothing.
The researchers believe that the elephants' emotional reactions are due to their different senses of smell and sight. Smelling a possible danger means that a threat is nearby and the best thing to do is run away and hide. Seeing a potential threat without its smell means that risk is low. Therefore, instead of showing fear and running away, the elephants express their anger and become aggressive.
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Basic Table Manners Take a moment to study some table manners before all of the company dinners and formal dinners with your relatives. Even if you've heard these rules before, a quick refresher course will help you feel confident and in control before eating with your boss or aunt. Here's how to mind your manners at the dinner table: |
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First things first: Mind the little details--you've heard them all before. Respond to invitations in a timely I manner; remember that it's always better to be overdressed; be fashionably on time; bring a gift for your host or hostess; and remember to silence your phone and keep it out of sight. |
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After you sit down: The first thing you should do is place your napkin in your lap. Leave it there until the end of the meal, or until you excuse yourself from the table. There's some debate about what to do with your napkin when you get up, but the most common practice is to place it on your seat until you return. If you're worried that your napkin has food on it that could stain the scat or your clothes when you sit back down, place it to the left of your plate instead. |
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Bread plate and drink： When in doubt, look to your hands. With your palms（手掌）facing each other, connect the tip of each forefinger with your thumb. You'll see that your left hand will form a "b", and your right hand, a "d". These stand for "bread" and "drink, "which you will find to your left and to your right, respectively. |
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What to do with the utensils（餐具）： Your safest bet is to start from the outside-the utensils farthest from your plate-and move inward as the meal progresses. However，dessert utensils may also be found above your plate. |
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