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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

湖南省五市十校教研教改共同体2018-2019学年高一上学期英语12月联考试卷

阅读理解

    As scientists in the Netherlands tried to figure out how to build a super flying robot, they learned from one of nature s flyers: the humble fruit fly(果蝇).And by building this robot, they've gained new insights into how the fly carries out one of its dangerous tasks.

    The robot is called the DelFly Nimble Its wingspan(冀展)is about a foot wide. It has four wings that can beat at 17 times per second, which appear very delicate because they're made of the same material as space blankets.

    In the previous designs, they always had a tail, like a traditional airplane tail, said the robots main designer Matej Karasek. He's based at the Micro Air Vehicle Laboratory at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands, and he and his colleagues published their findings on Thursday in Science

    “In the previous generations", he said, "flapping wings drove the robot forward while the tail helped to guide and stabilize it. But now the DelFly Nimble is completely controlled by the wings. The challenge then was actually combine the control into the wing movement, and that's what we achieved, Karasek said

    In the latest generation. the wings can each move individually or rotate(旋转)around the body of the robot in order to maximize the machine s agility(灵活 ) The robot can remain in one place in the air for about five minutes on a full battery or fly for more than a kilometer", Karasek said, "And because the scientists are controlling all the movements, they can use the robot to learn more about how fruit flies actually carry out their dangerous tasks, which has caught the attention of biologists.”

(1)、Where did scientists get the creative idea of the flying robot?

A、From a fruit fly B、From the birds wings C、From some fruit D、From an airplane
(2)、What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 probably refer to?

A、A full battery. B、A flapping wing. C、The DelFly Nimble D、The humble fruit fly
(3)、What interests biologists most about fruit flies?

A、That they are very tiny insects. B、That they conduct challenging tasks C、That they can be easily found in the world. D、That they have light wings and fly quickly.
(4)、Where is the text probably taken?

A、A research paper. B、A travel brochure C、A health magazine D、A chemistry textbook
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    There are 115 distinct (独特的) species of pine trees with 35 native to North America. Pines are defined as evergreens with long, needle-like leaves and are only native to the northern hemisphere. Pine trees are an adaptable and tough species that can survive in many conditions where other plants cannot. The average pine tree is 45 to 60 feet tall, but some are nearly twice as high.

Western White Pine

    The western white pine grows the tallest of any pine tree, reaching up to 110 feet in height. They have blue-green needles arranged in bundles (束) of five and produce a long cone (球果).

Bristlecone Pine

    The bristlecone pine grows slowly, reaching about 20 feet tall. It is one of the oldest species of pine.

Mexican Pine

    The Mexican pine can grow to 50 feet tall, with long, slender needles that drape (下垂) off it like a weeping willow (柳树). Often nicknamed the “willow pine”, it is native to Mexico. Its leaves can droop up to 12 inches long.

Sugar Pine

    The sugar pine is another of the large pine species, such as the bull pine, but it also has the largest cones of any pine species, at 10 to 20 inches long. It grows from Oregon to California and is often used for construction.

Jack Pine

    The jack pine is one of the smallest species of pine with rare leaves. Compared with the pines mentioned above, it doesn't seem to belong in the family. It is considered a member of the scrub-pine family; it prefers sandy soil.

阅读理解

    What do you use to unlock your cellphone? A password? A fingerprint? Or simply a glance?

    On September 12, 2017, Apple introduced its iPhone X, which has an eye-catching feature—Face ID.

    With Face ID, Apple says, you can unlock your new iPhone by just looking at it. It is powered by a so-called TrueDepth camera system built into the front of the iPhone X.

    When the camera system sees a person's face, it uses 30,000 unseen dots to “map” the shape and outline of the face. A mathematical model of the face will then be created and stored in the phone.

    The next time the person looks at the iPhone X, the same dots are mapped onto his or her face and compared to the stored model. If the two match, then the phone unlocks. This happens in less than a second.

    Apple says the system is smart. If you change your hairstyle, put on sunglasses or makeup, or use the phone in the dark, Face ID still works.

    Although the technology sounds fancy, there are still concerns. For example, will Face ID work for twins?

    According to Apple, the chance of others to unlock your iPhone X using Face ID is one in a million. Face ID can tell the difference between twins, but the error rating(出错率)rises. So one would need to set a password then.

    Apple also emphasizes that Face ID only unlocks when you stare at it. It is what Apple calls “attention aware”. So the phone won't unlock if you are just glancing at the phone for the time. It won't work either if someone puts the phone at your sleeping face or your photo.

阅读理解

    If you're tired of the big city pace and noise, relax yourself by taking a day or a weekend exploring one of these four Georgia small towns:

    Senoia

    About 45 miles from Atlanta, if you want to visit the classic small town, Senoia is the best choice. Built in 1866 as a railroad town, its picture perfection has been filmed for the movies like Fried Green Tomatoes.

    Hartwell

    109 miles from Atlanta

    Named for Nancy Hart, a heroine of the Revolutionary War who served as a spy and captured a group of Tories who threatened her home, Hartwell is known as the "Best city by a Dam Site".

    Tiger

    105 miles from Atlanta in northeast Georgia, this small mountain community sits at the base of 2 856-foot Tiger Mountain, and you can drive Old U. S. 441 right through town and into the countryside any season of the year. The tiny town itself boasts the Tiger Drive-In.

Another attraction is the Tiger Mountain Winery, operating from the site of a five-generation old family farm and winner of three 2017 silver medals in the Los Angeles Wine Competition. Its tasting room is open daily.

    Tallulah Falls

    About 96 miles northeast of Atlanta

    Near the Tallulah River and named for the five falls that flow downward very fast through the gorge, Tallulah Falls had a population of just 168 at the 2010 census.

    It's a fine spot for fishing and picnicking on the town's three lakes,swimming at the Georgia Power Company's Terrora Beach. Come Saturday night in spring,summer and folk stay for live Bluegrass bands on Bluegrass Square in downtown Tallulah Falls. You can even bring your own instrument and join in.

阅读理解

    Downloading music over the Internet is pretty common among high school and college students. However, when students download and share copyrighted music without permission, they are against the law.

    A survey of young people's music ownership has found that teenagers and college students have an average of more than 800 illegally copied songs each on their digital music players.Half of those surveyed share all the music on their hard drive (硬盘), enabling others to copy hundreds of songs at any one time. Some students were found to have randomly linked their personal blogs to music sites, so as to allow free trial listening of copyrighted songs for blog visitors, or adopted some of the songs as the background music for their blogs. Such practices may be easy and free, but there are consequences.

    Sandra Dowd, a student of Central Michigan University, was fined US $7,500 for downloading 501 files from Lime Wire, a peer-to-peer file sharing program. Sandra claimed that she was unaware that her downloads were illegal until she was contacted by authorities. Similarly, Mike Lewinski paid US $4,000 to settle a lawsuit(起诉)against him for copyright violation (违反). Mike expressed shock and couldn't believe that this was happening to him. "I just wanted to save some money and I always thought the threat was just a scare tactic(战术)." "You know, everyone does it," added Mike.

    The RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America), the organization that files lawsuits against illegal downloaders, states that suing (控告) students was by no means their first choice. Unfortunately, without the threat of consequences, students are just not changing their behavior. Education alone is not enough to stop the extraordinary growth of the illegal downloading practice.

 阅读理解

Growing up in a suburban neighborhood in the Northeastern United States, the advent of springtime didn't hold much significance for me. While it did bring a week-long respite from school, the focus was more on the vacation aspect than the season itself.

For the children in my community, spring was largely an overlooked period. The year was divided into two primary seasons: winter, which offered the thrill of ice skating, sledding, and constructing snow forts; and summer, which allowed us to fully enjoy the beach located a short distance from my home. Spring and autumn were merely transitional periods, marking the countdown to the more exciting seasons.

It's true that as I matured, spring began to hold a certain charm for me, as suggested by the poetic line, "In the spring a young man's fancy lightly turns to thoughts of love," penned by Alfred Lord Tennyson. However, my fascination was more with the romantic notions associated with the season rather than the season itself.

In essence, spring was not a season I paid much heed to... until my journey to China. After spending roughly three months in Beijing, my first Spring Festival made its presence known in an undeniable way. The sporadic fireworks throughout the day and night were a clear indication, but what truly struck me was the apparent absence of the usual hustle and bustle in the city.

The usual throngs of people, streams of vehicles, and the general city noise seemed to have vanished. This mystery was resolved upon my return to work. My colleagues enlightened me that it is customary for Chinese people to travel, if necessary, to reunite with their families during the Spring Festival. Many residents of Beijing are not originally from the capital.

Furthermore, I was introduced to a fascinating aspect of the Spring Festival that continues to astonish me. Regardless of when the holiday commences, there is an almost instantaneous and perceptible improvement in the weather. Spring truly makes its entrance.

The ancient Chinese ability to devise a system that could consistently and accurately herald the change of seasons, year after year, is beyond my comprehension. Yet, they managed to achieve this remarkable feat.

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