修改时间:2024-12-30 浏览次数:8 类型:高考模拟
SparkLit Book Club
Book of the week
Kay's Incredible Inventions by Adam Kay, illustrated by Henry Pake
This entertaining new book takes you on a trip through the history of the world's most incredible inventions—from the first ever toilet to the story of how Velcro(魔术贴) was invented by a dog. Some of these inventions changed the world; others definitely did not. They're all fascinating to read about, though.
Readers' comments
It's amazing to see how everyday occurrences sparked people's creativity. The inventors' creativity and determination inspire me to dream big and make my ideas alive. (Jeff Kinney, 16)
Win!
We have five copies of Kay's Incredible Inventions to give away. For a chance to win a copy, just fill in the entry form at tinyurl. com/twj-booksbeforetheclosingdateof20Marchat8 p.m.
Readers' recommendations
"The ghostly winter silence had given way to the great spring murmur of awakening life. This murmur arose from all the land, fraught with the joy of living." (The Call of the Wild)
Jack London was born almost 150 years ago on 12 January 1876. His novel, The Call of the Wild, is the story of Buck, a dog who has an epic adventure with gold hunters in the wilds of northern Canada. A must-read for animal lovers and fans of adventure stories! It will keep you on the edge of your seat. (Alistair, 17)
On my shelf
Send a picture of your shelf showing the book titles clearly and tell us why you love them. Send it to hello @ the weekjunio.co uk with your name and age.
Matt Doogue, a 34-year-old nature photographer, had been suffering from depression when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects and his work is now featured in National Geographic. He says that he tried to take his own life nine years ago after hitting rock bottom. "In the beginning, I was so paranoid(多疑的) and angry that I couldn't leave the house," says Doogue. "When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see someone. I went to the doctors and got treatment, but I knew that I needed something more and that's when I started photography."
Now a dad of two, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a calming effect that helped him to disconnect from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. "I ended up as one of their featured photo graphers," recalled Doogue. "It was the peak of my career. It was incredible."
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an epidemic(流行病) of male suicide, he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. "I think the problem is this man-up approach; the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time," says Doogue. "This is why I try and be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don't think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web."
I used to tell my children that they were smart, because I was impressed by their rapid growth. I remember clearly watching my daughter figure out how to build a Lego house that would stand up on its own, and thinking: Look at this tiny architectural genius.
But decades of research now suggest that we should not tell our children they're "smart" when they do impressive things. When I first heard it, I felt instinctively irritated. But after I dug into the research, I was persuaded. It all goes back to something called "growth" mindset, a term developed and popularized by Carol Dweck, a professor of psychology at Stanford. Professor Dweck believes that we can change our abilities through effort and strategy. The alternative to a growth mindset is a "fixed" mindset—the idea that our abilities are inborn and can't be changed. When we praise our children for being "smart", based on victories like doing well on a test, we're unwittingly(不知不觉地) encouraging them to believe that if they do poorly or make mistakes, they're not smart.
It's not just what we say that matters, but how we tolerate our children's failures. A 2016 study by Dweck showed that parents' "failure mind-sets" affect their children more than their views on intelligence. In other words, if parents think that failure is shameful, their children are more likely to be afraid of making mistakes. The study concludes that everyone is actually a mixture of fixed and growth mindsets, continually evolving with experience. Whatever we say or don't say to our kids, the key is to get them more comfortable with failures big or small.
It's helpful for kids to understand that you make mistakes and learn how they happen. When you chat with them, you can describe what you learned, or how you strategized a solution. "You don't have to deny you have negative emotional reactions," Dweck said. "We, as a society, don't do that enough because we feel embarrassed when we make mistakes." But if we discuss our missteps more and explain how we overcame them, our children can learn to do the same.
Most of us are familiar with Groundhog Day, wherein a large groundhog checks to see its shadow on February 2 and helps to predict when winter will end. But have you ever heard about how a mountain town in North Carolina uses a caterpillar (毛 毛 虫) known as the Woolly Worm to make similar predictions?
According to the folklore(民间传说), the amount of black on the woolly worm in autumn predicts the severity of the upcoming winter. The longer the woolly worm's black bands (带) are, the longer, colder, snowier, and more severe the winter will be. Similarly, a wider middle brown band is associated with a milder upcoming winter. The position of the longest dark bands supposedly indicates which part of winter will be coldest or hardest. If the head end of the caterpillar is dark, the beginning of winter will be severe. If the tail end is dark, the end of winter will be cold. In addition, the woolly worm caterpillar has 13 segments to its body, which traditional forecasters say correspond to the 13 weeks of winter.
Scientific studies on worm forecasting are few and far between. The most often cited is a small trial that American Museum of Natural History entomologist Howard Curran conducted in 1948. Having heard about the caterpillar folklore, Curran traveled to Bear Mountain State Park to collect woolly worms each fall for eight years. He found that if the worms had brown markings on more than a third of their body, winters tended to be milder.
Most scientists discount the folklore of caterpillar predictions as just a folklore. "It's a wonderful story, but I do think it was a playful trial," says Joe Boggs, an entomologist at Ohio State University Extension who has studied woolly worms. "Curran was a real scientist. He had a bunch of papers published, but he never published this one—probably because he knew it wouldn't stand up to peer review."
Mike Peters, an entomologist at the University of Massachusetts, doesn't disagree, but he says there could be a link between the band of a woolly worm and the severity of winter. Peters suggests that the timing of their growth and environmental conditions, such as temperature, moisture levels, and food sources, can impact the appearance of woolly worms, including their size, coloration, and band patterns. By analyzing these characteristics, researchers can potentially infer information about the weather conditions. "The band does say something about a heavy winter," he says. "The only thing is that it's telling you about the previous year."
You might have heard of the expression "a guilty pleasure"—maybe it's the chocolate bar you buy on the way home from work, or the new clothes that you don't really need. . Perhaps we don't feel we deserved it, or we don't think it was a responsible way to spend our money. But should we feel like this? Do we really have to feel guilty about treating ourselves?
Perhaps not. Psychologists have suggested that buying things for yourself can make you feel better as it provides an opportunity to take control of your situation.. It may be that as well as lifting your mood, when you buy a treat, you might just be looking after yourself.
Of course, there are also examples of people turning to destructive behaviour when faced with stressful circumstances. People might spend money that they don't have or turn to dangerous addictions. Psychologist Leon Seltzer considers the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurturing. , while self-nurturing is taking responsible decisions to satisfy our needs and take care of ourselves in ways that don't have a significant impact.
. So, many universities publish guides with advice for coping with exam stress. Reflecting the difference between self-indulgence and self-nurture, they recommend rewarding yourself for your efforts, doing things that you enjoy and are good at so that you can feel accomplishment. . Thus, perhaps, as long as we make responsible decisions, we shouldn't feel guilty about our guilty pleasures.
A. Exams are vital for students.
B. Self-indulgence can have negative consequences
C. The difference becomes evident when students manage exam pressure
D. They also recommend embracing activities that could dampen your spirits
E. Besides, you should avoid things that may make you feel worse afterwards
F. It comes from the idea that when we treat ourselves, it can sometimes leave us feeling guilty
G. It can give you social contact as well as a confidence boost from changes you make to your self-image
When Tom Blake was a young boy, watching a jet(喷气式飞机) streak across the sky, he knew flying was what he wanted to do when he grew up.
After five years' training, he finally 1 his dream job in his late twenties—working as an airline pilot. But in 2019, the travel firm he was 2 for collapsed.
By this time Mr Blake had become increasingly 3 the growing threat of climate change, and the aviation industry's carbon emissions. "I had an uncomfortable4 ," he says. "I was really eager to get involved in 5 protest groups, but I knew it would be career suicide, and I had a lot of 6 . It would be easier to return to the industry and pay them off."
Yet with the COVID-19 pandemic grounding aircraft, Mr Blake decided to quit his flying 7 for good. "I prefer flying and 8 interesting destinations, and earning a decent 9 ."says Mr Blake. "But when we are 10 the climate and ecological emergency, how could I possibly 11 my needs? We need to think about how to 12 the biggest threat to humanity."
Giving up his dream job was a 13 decision, he says. "Financially I've been really 14 . It's been challenging." But he adds, "Taking action has 15 my anxiety."
Mr Blake is now a climate activist.
China has set a new record for creating sustained high temperatures after the "artificial sun" ran five times (hot) than the sun for more than 17 minutes.
The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), (know) as an"artificial sun", reached temperatures of up to 70,000,000℃ during the experiment.
The extreme heat (create) in a nuclear fusion reactor, which is part of the EAST project. It reproduces the natural (reaction) that happen inside the sun and other stars. The scientists want to develop the "artificial sun" to provide a near-endless supply of clean energy human beings.
Scientists around the world have been trying for decades to develop nuclear fusion. They say it is the best way (produce) clean energy. The nuclear fusion process needs no fossil fuels leaves behind no dangerous waste. If scientists can make it work, the world will become greener and cleaner. Nuclear fusion technology is still not (advance) enough to become a global industry. However, the EAST project is an important step.
"The recent operation lays solid scientific and experimental foundation towards the running of a fusion reactor," said Gong Xianzu, a researcher at the Institute of Plasma Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, led the latest experiment.
Oliver was a small and introvert(内向的) boy who kept to himself. He was quiet and preferred indoor activities. Sitting in the corner of the class, he was very much a loner.
At the beginning of the semester, Oliver had a new classmate, Alan, who had just returned to England. Alan was assigned a seat next to Oliver. To his surprise, within weeks, he became good friends with Alan even though they were poles apart in personality. Alan was popular, outspoken and artistic. "Alan is all that I want to be," Oliver thought to himself. He began listening to the music Alan listened to and having similar haircut. He even quit his drama club and started playing the online games that Alan played. He seemed to have been out of his loneliness.
It was not long before Oliver was introduced to Alan's "cool" friends. He told himself that he would try all means to be part of the group. He would follow them to the football games and join the art club after school so he could spend more time hanging out with them. Oliver followed them around laughing when they told jokes, agreeing when they had opinions—most enthusiastically at the ones he disagreed with. He did not dare to differ in opinions as he would not want them to think badly of him. This continued for several months. At last, Oliver felt relieved that he had finally fitted in.
One day, Oliver overheard Alan and his cool friends talking. "Oliver is such a loser," one boy commented in a playful tone. "He just follows you around trying to be you. He copies you; he does not have a personality of his own!" another boy exclaimed. Alan laughed, to make matters worse, he added, "That fellow wears me out. I wish he would leave me alone. He thinks we are best friends. A thorough fool!"
注意:1.续写词数应为150个左右;2.按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
Oliver stood still tothe ground and could not believe his ears.
Paragraph 2:
Oliver decided to change himself after hearing his mother's words.
试题篮