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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

辽宁省实验中学、沈阳市东北育才学校等五校第一中学2016-2017学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go(围棋). So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI(artificial intelligence) to a game.

Why is poker so difficult? Chess and Go are “information complete” games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players' cards are hidden, making it an “information incomplete” game. Players have to guess opponents' hands from their actions—-tricky for computers. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars.

    Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again vanquishes humans, so our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold's Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, a researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural(神经的)networks and reinforcement learning(强化学习).

    Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better.

    Mr Heinrich told Sky News: “Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.”

    After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw.

(1)、Why can't the computer beat humans at the poker game?
A、Because humans are cleverer than the computer B、Because humans practice playing the poker game every day C、Because the computer can't learn the regular rules of the poker game D、Because the computer can't know the other players' cards completely
(2)、What does the underlined word “vanquishes” in Paragraph 3mean?
A、Leaves B、Defeats C、Cheats D、Serves
(3)、What do we know about the reinforcement learning of AI?
A、It solves problems correctly every time B、It is the same as the learning of humans C、It learns from the mistakes appearing in a task D、It is more developed than the studying ways of humans
(4)、What can be inferred from the text?
A、The new procedure of AI has some features of humans B、Computers are stronger than humans in every aspect C、Humans will beat computers at playing poker forever D、Scientists feel unhappy about the result of the poker game
举一反三
阅读理解

    It was in October. I was aimlessly wandering down the street, heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset. I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty, but it seemed everyone was in a hurry.

    I took the next-best action. Quickly I ducked into a department store and asked the lady behind the counter if she could come outside for just a minute. She looked at me as though I were from some other planet. She hesitated, and then seemingly against her better judgment, she moved toward the door.

    When she got outside I said to her, “Just look at that sunset! Nobody out here was looking at it and I just had to share it with someone.”

    For a few seconds we just looked. Then I said, “God is in his heaven and all is right with the world.” I thanked her for coming out to see it; she went back inside and I left. It felt good to share the beauty.

    Four years later my situation changed greatly. I came to the end of a twenty-year marriage. I was alone and on my own for the first time in my life. I lived in a trailer park which, at the time, I considered a real come-down, and I had to do my wash in the community laundry room.

    One day, while my clothes were going around, I picked up a magazine and read an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances. She had come to the end of a marriage, moved to a strange community, and the only job she could find was one she disliked: clothing sales in a department store.

    Then something that happened to her changed everything. She said a woman came into her department store and asked her to step outside to look at a sunset. The stranger had said, “God is in his heaven and all is right with the world,” and she had realized the truth in that statement. From that moment on, she turned her life around.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?

    Listen — Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.

    Help them — If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don't do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra (额外的) pencil or pen with you to classes in case (以防) they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.

    Be there for them — Try to make something for your friend to help make them feel better in hard times. Making cards and encouraging them are among the nicest things you can do for a friend. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, “I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can't stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve (值得) to be with me at my best.” Always remember this! If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times, then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!

    Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you'll remember these things when you're all old!

阅读理解

    My family recently did our first major road trip, traveling from our Maryland home to Disney World in Florida. Though we're no strangers to travel, a trip of this length was a new experience for us with three children. What helped us enjoy our trip so much? Our schedule, of course! So keeping a schedule when you travel can help make your trip a success.

    Don't sleep the day away.

    I know you're on vacation. The kids have a break from school, and you're excited to be out of the office. Let everyone sleep for a bit, but still make it a point to rise at a reasonable hour and get active to start the day. Not only will you see and do more on your trip, but it will make it easier to eat regularly, get the kids down at nap time (午觉), and then go to bed without a struggle.

    Eat regularly.

    Time is easy to go by while you're running through a theme park, or exploring (考察) a museum. Be prepared for meals because hungry kids are often quick to turn into a headache for you. Pack a snack and drink bag and make sure to stop regularly for a bite to eat while you're out. Keeping a regular meal schedule can help everyone keep up their energy and enjoy the day.

    Take a nap.

    Does your baby take a daily nap? Naps are very important for baby's development. They also help little ones to pick up their strength, or vacations can be exhausting (疲惫的) for little minds and bodies.

    Go to bed at a reasonable hour.

    Everyone can get tired out on vacation. Don't allow anyone to stay up late every night. Mom, dad, and kids are all sure to be miserable if they don't get enough sleep. If bedtime gets delayed (推迟), adjust your travel plans accordingly.

阅读理解

Does your school have any problems with discipline? What happens when students step out of line? Here are some examples of bad behaviour:

    Playing truant(missing school without permission from parents).

    Stealing, smoking, hitting, swearing(说脏话), running, kissing.

    Cheating in exams.

    Calling a teacher or another pupil bad names.

    Not doing homework.

    Not listening or not paying attention in lessons.

    Wearing unsuitable clothes.

Here are some of the ways that UK school children can be punished:

Exclusion: a pupil is asked to leave the school and not come back. The pupil has to find a new school or a different method of education.

Suspension: a pupil cannot enter the building or attend lessons until the school has a meeting about their situation. Suspension can last from one to 45 days. The pupil is usually given work to do at home with a special teacher.

Detention: a pupil is asked to stay after school and work for 30—60 minutes before they Can leave.

Lines: a pupil has to write a sentence many times(e.g.100 or more)on a sheet of paper, e, g, “I must not shout in class”.

    Freya MacDonald, a 15-year-old pupil from Scotland, made the news when she refused to accept her school's punishment. Her family says that she was given 11 detentions for trivial things in class and coming into school through a fire door.

Freya says that repeated detentions disrupted her fight to an education under Scottish law and made it difficult for her to learn. She refused to return until the school respected her civil rights. She wants the headmaster and her teachers to sign a letter to promise this. Hundreds of schools in Scotland were told not to use detention as a punishment because of her legal action.

Many UK schools now give parents a home-school contract, explaining their discipline and rules. Parents must sign this document to agree that they accept the school's rules and discipline and that they are responsible for their child's behaviour.

阅读理解

    Play is vital in every child's development, and for toddlers(蹒跚学步的小孩) the benefits of play especially come to life when they can connect with parents during playtime. To raise awareness and help parents create the time and attention span needed, LEGO and DUPLO launches a "Do not disturb playtime '' campaign. 21 days is what it takes on average to break a habit, so for 21 days the LEGO DUPLO team will not post on social media during "toddler playtime", defined as 5am-8pm.

    With social media being an integrated(不可或缺的) part and creative inspiration to modern family life, it is no surprise that researchers call out digital behavior as a concerning obstacle to quality playtime.

    "While we are hooked on our cell phones, we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children. Kids learn so much from us and we don't want to get in the way of that. Take language learning for example. When nurturing caregivers talk to their children about what they are interested in, it helps them learn new words and new ways to express themselves. Our research shows that the use of a cell phone in a conversation between parent and child disturbs that child's word learning." advises Roberta Golinkoff, PhD: Professor, University of Delaware.

    Our research shows that parents today understand their significant role in ensuring their kids grow up to be happy, well-rounded, and equipped for the future. At the same time, many worry about not spending enough time with their toddlers. LEGO DUPLO wants to inspire parents to make the small moments memorable.

    "We know parents today feel more time-starved than ever before. Many feel guilty over not spending enough time with their little ones. Through the 'Do not disturb playtime' campaign, we hope to re-assure parents that it's not so much of the amount of time they spend with their kids, but the small meaningful moments they create during play", said Steffen Jensen, LEGO Group Senior Marketing Director.

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