In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Asked if he needs help, he replies,“No, thanks. I've got a good horse under me.”

    The city planners decided to build an underground drainage(排水) system, but there simply wasn't enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago River or raise the city.

    An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city's streets by as much as 12 feet.

    This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second stories into main floors, or hoist the entire bulidings to meet the new street level. Small wood-frame buildings could be lifted fairly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like the Tremont Hotel, which was a six-story brick building?

    That's where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews(螺旋千斤顶) beneath the building's foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman's signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entire operation, and many of its guests didn't even notice anything was happening.

    Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago's early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago's waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago River, the city's next step was to clean the polluted river.

    Far from the land of Antarctica (南极洲), a huge shelf of ice meets the ocean. At the underside of the shelf there lives a small fish, the Antarctic cod.

    For forty years scientists have been curious about that fish. How does it live where most fish would freeze to death? It must have some secret. The Antarctic is not a comfortable place to work and research has been slow. Now it seems we have an answer.

    Research was begun by cutting holes in the ice and catching the fish. Scientists studied the fish's blood and measured its freezing point.

The fish were taken from seawater that had a temperature of -1.88℃ and many tiny pieces of ice floating in it. The blood of the fish did not begin to freeze until its temperature was lowered to

-2.05℃. That small difference is enough for the fish to live at the freezing temperature of the ice-salt mixture.

    The scientists' next research job was clear: Find out what in the fish's blood kept it from freezing. Their search led to some really strange thing made up of a protein (蛋白质) never before seen in the blood of a fish. When it was removed, the blood froze at seawater temperature. When it was put back, the blood again had its antifreeze quality and a lowered freezing point.

    Study showed that it is an unusual kind of protein. It has many small sugar molecules（分子）held in special positions within each big protein molecule. Because of its sugar content, it is called a glycoprotein. So it has come to be called the antifreeze fish glycoprotein, or AFGP.

    HOLIDAY FUN AT THE POWERHOUSE

    500 HARRIS STREET ULTIMO·TELEPHONE (02) 9217 0111

    JoinintheholidayfunatthePowerhousethismonthlinkedtoournewexhibition ， Evolution & Revolution：Chinesedress 1700stonow.DON'TFORGETourotherspecialevent ， theClubMedCircusSchoolwhichispartoftheCircus(马戏团)！150 yearsofcircusinAustraliaexhibitionexperience!

    ◆Chinese Folk Dancing：Colorful Chinese dance and musical performances by The Chinese Folk Dancing School of Sydney.Dances include：the Golden stick dance and the Chinese drum dance.A feature will be the Qin dynasty Emperor's court dance.Also included is a show of face painting for Beijing opera performances.

    Sunday 29 June and Wednesday 2 July in the Turbine Hall，at 11：30 am & 1：30 pm.

    ◆Australian Chinese Children's Arts Theatre：Wellknown children's play experts from Shanghai lead this dynamic youth group.Performances include Chinese fairy tales and plays.

Thursday 3 to Sunday 6 July in the Turbine Hall，at 11：30 am & 1：30 pm.

    ◆Chinese Youth League：A traditional performing arts group featuring performance highlights such as the Red scarf and Spring flower dances，and a musician playing Er Hu.

Sunday 6 to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall，11：30 am to 1：30 pm.

    ◆Kids Activity：Make a Paper Horse：Young children make a paper horse cut­out.(The horse is a frequent theme in Chinese painting，indicating a kind of advancement.)Suitable for ages 8～12 years.

    Saturday 28 June to Tuesday 8 July in the Turbine Hall,12：00 pm to 1：00 pm.

    ◆Club Med Circus School：Learn circus skills，including the trapeze，trampolining and magic.Not only for children over 5.There are 40 places available in each 1 hour session and these must be booked at  the front desk，level 4，on the day.

    Tuesday 1 to Saturday 5 July at 11：30 am & 1：00 pm.

    Enjoy unlimited free visits and many other benefits by becoming a Family member of the Powerhouse.Our family memberships cover two adults and all children under the age of 16 years at the one address.

    Members receive Powerline ， our monthly magazine，discounts in the shops and the restaurants，as well as free admission to the Museum.All this for as little as 50.00 a year！Call (02) 9217 0600 for more details.

Teen Climbing Camp

    This 5-day climbing camp is suitable for teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 who have an interest in rock climbing. The climbing days are designed for beginners and those who have some basic experience in a gym or outdoors. Participants will find themselves challenged physically and mentally.

    Rock Dimensions camps are designed to be a positive and memorable experience by providing healthy communication between participants, individual goal setting, and challenges that lead to personal growth.

    Dates

    Monday, June 29-Friday, July 3

    Monday, July 27-Friday, July 31

    Locations

    Climbing Tower at Footsloggers

    Linville Gorge and Table Rock area

    Local climbing areas near Boone

    Responsibilities

    Participants will meet Rock Dimensions guides at our location each morning and at the end of each day. Rock Dimensions will provide all climbing items, including a safety rope, a helmet and climbing shoes for each participant. Participants are responsible for bringing their own lunch, water, small backpack, appropriate clothing, and personal items like sun cream, etc.

    Pre-camp planning

    Participants will receive the following information in their registration(注册) packet Medical Form, Responsibility Agreement, Clothing/Equipment List, and Directions.

    Cost

    $575/person for the 5-day camp

    $325/person for the first 3 days

    Anyone interested in participating in just the last two days of the camp should call to discuss pricing and necessary skills/experience.

    There is such a group of singers in the western musical circle at present, who enter the business as online celebrities(名人)and then become top idols and giant stars globally. They become popular for their videos online and then they are discovered by talent agents and gradually cause huge storms in the musical circle. For example, Troye Sivan, a singer who is nicknamed "chuoye", became popular on You tube from an early age.

    As a popular video sharing website, You Tube has given rise to plenty of stars, creating a new celebrity culture. Providing a platform where anyone can post videos. You tube presents the opportunity for anyone to achieve fame by simply uploading a short video. Sivan has been making you tube videos since he was 12 to show his singing talent. In the digital age, Sivan has already developed large devoted audience online and his sensitive video blogs have earned him extreme popularity.

    A. survey has showed that US teenagers are more attracted with You Tube stars, which is a surprising result. You Tube stars are judged to be more attractive, outstanding and related than traditional stars. Looking at the survey comments and feedback, teens enjoy a close and real experience with You Tube celebrities, who aren't carefully directed by design. Teens also say they appreciate YouTube stars sense of humor and risk-taking spirit, which are often limited by Hollywood stars. As a result, singers who make their first show in the traditional way no longer have a complete advantage in front of the audience. Online platforms open up a lot of doors for people. They become the best place to be discovered.

There's one patient that Sarah Rose Black still thinks about. Back in 2019, the nursing team at Toronto's Cancer Center called to ask if she could reach out to a patient who had been there for about a week. The man was struggling, and unwilling to communicate with workers or be part of any activities. 

Black isn't a doctor or a nurse. Since 2013 she has played an important role for patients at the center as a music therapist (治疗专家). On any day, she might see one person who's anxious about an operation, another who's in need of a calm moment.

So, Black walked into the patient's room and introduced herself. She asked if she could sit and offer to play some music. In an effort to persuade him, she said, "If you don't like it, you can just tell me to leave." After some gentle urging, the man in his 70s, who had lung cancer, told her a few musicians he liked and then turned away to look out the window. But as she started to play one of his favorites, a change came over him. He turned towards Black and started to cry. 

She stopped playing. "Do you want me to continue?" "Certainly," he said through tears. "It was as if the music went places that nothing else could," recalls Black. The music showed up at a moment when it felt like a hug. 

As Sarah Rose Black says, people have been connecting with music for their whole lives—she is just helping them use it again at a time when they need it most. 

"We have a heartbeat, so we have a drum (鼓) inside us; we are wired to be musical people," she says. She smiles softly as she reflects back on the experience.