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When Gregor Mendel was teaching high school students, he noticed that plants had different traits (特征). For example, some pea plants were tall, w{#blank#}1{#/blank#} others were short. Mendel wondered why, so he decided to experiment.
He c{#blank#}2{#/blank#} the seeds (种子) that were produced. He planted these new seeds and waited for the r{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. He wondered whether the new plants would be of medium h{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. But all the plants that grew from the seeds were tall.
Mendel wanted to see what would h{#blank#}5{#/blank#} to the next generation (一代). He crossed the tall plants with each other in the same way he had experimented with the tall and short plants. When the n{#blank#}6{#/blank#} plants grew, three fourths of the plants were tall, and one fourth were short.
Mendel found out that a plant r{#blank#}7{#/blank#} a message from each of its parents, and that message is carried by the plant's genes (基因). For example, a pea plant gets a gene for tallness or shortness from one or both of its parents. Mendel a{#blank#}8{#/blank#} found out that some genes were stronger than others. The gene for tallness was stronger than the gene for shortness. So a plant would be t{#blank#}9{#/blank#} if it had one gene for tallness and one gene for shortness. But if a plant had two genes for shortness, it would be short.
Mendel had made a great d{#blank#}10{#/blank#}, but few understood it at that time. Mendel became famous only after his death.
