In this Pennsylvania city, Pittsburgh is shrinking but getting wealthier. Since 2000, its population has declined by 95,000 while its income per capita (人均) has shot up 24 percent. The trend is taking hold in many other cities, like Buffalo in New York, Providence in Rhode Island and New Orleans.

    Some of these areas have created more high-paying jobs in energy, health care or education. Others have managed to reshape their manufacturing (制造业) for a new economy. Higher-paying jobs have a greater effect because they create demand for additional services. “The story in Pittsburgh is very positive, and other areas are looking at it as an example of the transformation that might be possible,” said Guhan Venkatu, who wrote an economic history of the area called “Rust and Renewal” for the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland.

    Carnegie Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh have helped bring tech jobs and innovation (革新) to the area by sponsoring tech centers that help graduates start companies without moving to Silicon Valley or San Francisco. This has helped keep Pittsburgh's educated young population growing even as the entire population in the city has dropped.

    Pittsburgh has more STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) jobs than other shrinking cities, about 80,000 or 7% of all jobs. STEM jobs add productivity and income growth to the area. Manufacturers of high-tech medical equipment in the Pittsburgh area also have doubled employment in the last 10 years.

    However, some experts question whether growing income per capita can really make up for a declining population. According to Patrick Adler, a researcher at the University of Toronto, population loss does matter if it means lower-skilled workers have fled because of a lack of opportunity. What's more, high-paying jobs in education and health care can disappear if the population declines too greatly. So it'd be wise to find ways to increase the population.

    "Acting is the least mysterious of all crafts," Marion Brando once said. But for scientists, working out what is going on in an actor's head has always been something of a puzzle.

    Now, researchers have said actors show different patterns of brain activity depending on whether they are in character or not.

    Dr Steven Brown, from McMaster University in Canada, said, "It looks like when you are acting, you are suppressing (压制) yourself; almost like the character is possessing you."

    Brown and colleagues report how 15 actors, mainly theatre students, were trained to take on a Shakespeare role — either Romeo or Juliet — in a theatre workshop. They were then invited into the laboratory, where their brains were scanned in a series of experiments.

    Once inside the MRI scanner, the actors were asked to answer a number of questions, such as: would they go to the party? And would they tell their parents that they had fallen in love?

    Each actor was asked to respond to different questions, based on two different premises (前提). In one, they were asked for their own perspective, while in the other, they were asked to respond as though they were either Romeo or Juliet.

    The results revealed that the brain activity differed depending on the situation being tested. The team found that when the actors were in character, they use some third-person knowledge or inferences about their character.

    The team said they also found additional reduction in activity in two regions of the prefrontal cortex (前额皮质) linked to the sense of self, compared with when the actors were responding as themselves.

    However, Philip Davis, a professor at the University of Liverpool, was unimpressed by the research, saying acting is about far more than "pretending" to be someone — it involves embodying (体现) the text and language.

    The first men and women came to Britain over two and a half million years ago. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} But the British Isles only became islands separated from the rest of Europe about 8, 500 years ago, when melting ice formed the English Channel!

    3,000 years after Britain became an island, new tribes who came by boat from the mainland introduced farming.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}Many of these man-made hills can still be seen.

    Later on, people learned to build stone monuments. The most amazing is Stonehenge, a circle of huge stones begun about 4,500 years ago. Stonehenge is the world's most famous prehistoric monument. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    3,000 years ago the climate in Britain became colder and wetter than before. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} A bit later iron started to be used for tools and weapons instead of bronze. Knowledge of ironworking may have been brought by the Celts, a new wave of immigrants who started to arrive from southern Europe in about 500 BC.

    What we know about the first people in Britain has been worked out by archaeologists from the remains they left behind them. Pytheas, a Greek, was the first person who could read and write to come to Britain. His visit was in about 330 BC, over 2, 000 years after Stonehenge was begun. Unfortunately, what Pytheas wrote has been lost, so we don't have any written record of Britain until the Romans came. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A. That was almost 300 years after he did!

B. As a result, people had to move down from high ground.

C. Because of the climate change, much of the ice has melted.

D. Many archaeologists believe that Britain was once covered by ice.

E. These tribes built earthworks for protection and as tombs for their dead bodies.

F. They were hunters and gatherers of food, who used stone tools and weapons.

G. We don't know what it was used for, though many different suggestions have been made.

    The human body is made up of over 75%water, and we cannot live without water. Keep in mind that water is healthy and necessary for leading yourself towards better health.

    Your own personal need for water can vary greatly due to exercise, weight and temperature. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} .By drinking water on a regular basis you can replenish (补充)the water in your body.

    By the time you are thirsty you have already lost two or more cups of the body's water supply. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Whenever you exercise, you need more water. Due to exercise, your body loses quite a bit of water. For each pound lost, you need to drink two cups of water.

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. By drinking a glass of water before you go to sleep, you can wake up with your body functioning as it should be. When you are sick, you need more water than at any other time. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. Therefore, you feel more thirsty than usual when you have a cold. You can try to prevent this by drinking more water at times when you become sick. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. You should keep a bottle of water with you at all times and drink it throughout the day. You should also teach yourself to drink water instead of other drinks that don't include the things that your body needs.

A. Always make it a habit to drink water on a daily basis

B. You should decide which the best type of water is

C. Therefore, drinking water regularly is much better than simply waiting until you are thirsty

D. Even when you lie down to sleep, your body loses water

E. When you get a cold, your body loses water quite quickly

F. There are several different opinions as to whether drinking water is actually beneficial

G. Research has proven that over two thirds of adults don't get the water they need on a daily basis

Yoga (瑜伽) is a kind of sport. It is very popular around the world now. Everyone, young or old, men or women, can do yoga.

There are many reasons why people like yoga. First, yoga can build up your muscle. Your body will become stronger and more flexible. Second, yoga helps you get rid of stress. What's more, yoga can help your mind stay calm. To put it simply, the reason why so many people are falling in love with yoga is that they are discovering how wonderful it is for their mind, body and spirit.

Yoga began in India about 5,000 years ago. At that time, people wanted to be free, healthy and live a long life. As a result, this kind of exercise was born. The early yoga was part of the religion (宗教). It was usually taught one to one—one teacher and one student. Later, it was accepted by more people.

Yoga is an Indian word that means "to join together". There are three parts of yoga altogether: exercise, breathing and meditation (冥想). In the past, people paid more attention to the spirit. The idea behind the exercise was to join the mind, body and spirit as one.

With the development of the exercise, more and more people are doing yoga as a way of keeping healthy. Among them, office ladies enjoy doing yoga most. Yoga can give them peace, help them feel relaxed and have fewer worries and illnesses.

Researchers say they've used cutting-edge gravitational wave research to cast new light on a mystery—a 2000-year-old computer,the Antikythera mechanism found in shipwreck. 

Well over a century after its discovery,researchers at the University of Glasgow say they've used statistical modeling techniques,originally designed to analyze gravitational waves —ripples in spacetime caused by major events in the universe such as two black holes combining —to suggest that the Antikythera mechanism was likely used to track the Greek lunar year. In short,it's a fascinating collision between modern-day science and the mysteries of an ancient artifact. 

In a 2021 paper,researchers found that previously discovered and regularly spaced holes in a "calendar ring"were marked to describe the "motions of the sun,moon,and all five planets known in ancient Greeks and how they were displayed at the front as an ancient Greek universe. "Now,in a new study published in the Official Journal of the British Horological Institute,University of Glasgow gravitational wave researcher Graham Woan and research associate Joseph Bayley suggest that the ring was likely perforated (打孔)with 354 holes, which happens to be the number of days in a lunar year. 

The team used statistical models derived from gravitational wave research,a large-scale physics experiment designed to measure ripples in spacetime millions of light-years from Earth and Bayesian analysis,a technique using probability to quantify uncertainty based on incomplete data,to calculate the likely number of holes in the mechanism using the positions of the surviving holes and the placement of the ring's surviving six fragments. 

Surprisingly,the inspiration for the study came from a YouTuber Chris Budiselic,who has been attempting to physically recreate the ancient mechanism and investigating ways to determine just how many holes it contained. 

"It's a neat symmetry that we've adapted techniques we use to study the universe today to understand more about a mechanism that helped people keep track of the heavens nearly two millennia ago,"Woan said. 

"We hope that our findings about the Antikythera mechanism,although less supernaturally spectacular than those made by Indiana Jones,will help deepen our understanding of how this remarkable device was made and used by the Greeks,"Woan sadded.