如图所示,爆米花机是一种对谷物进行膨化加工的装置,主体为一导热良好的钢制罐体,罐体的容积为
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 两端分别焊接了支撑轴和摇柄。在
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E1atm%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
(标准大气压)
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmsub%3E%3Cmi%3Ep%3C%2Fmi%3E%3Cmn%3E0%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsub%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的气压,27℃的干燥环境下打开阀门向罐体内放入
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E1%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3Em%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3Cmtext%3E3%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
的谷物,关闭阀门,将支撑轴和摇柄架设在火炉的支架上进行旋转加热,谷物内部分水分汽化成高压水蒸气与罐内空气形成混合气体。当罐内混合气体温度为627℃、压强达
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3E6atm%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
时,打开阀门,因为外部压强突然变小,巨大的压强差使得谷物迅速膨胀,从而达到膨化的效果。忽略谷物间隙气体的体积和在罐体内加热过程中谷物体积的变化。已知绝对零度为
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%88%92%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmn%3E273%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%E2%84%83%3C%2Fmo%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。求:
(1)从开始加热到压强变为
时,罐体内水蒸气的分压强;
(2)打开阀门后的混合气体迅速膨胀对外做功使得谷物全部喷出,当混合气体温度为127℃,罐体内剩余混合气体质量占原有混合气体质量的百分比。
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/ct20241o/7f/74/7f74baff6930edc736d3b7a4afeabd9e.jpg)