题型:阅读选择 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通
广东省深圳市2021年初中毕业生学业水平考试英语全真模拟试卷(2)
Mick Polly, an owner of a toy store, lives with his teenage daughter Carolina in Kentucky. He is known as the Bike Man. Over the past five years, Mick has built hundreds of bikes for needy kids.
One day in 2012, a 13yearold boy with a broken bike walked by Mick's house. "I was working in my garage, and he asked if I could fix it," says Mick, now 53.
The boy's bike had a broken wheel. Mick sent a post on Facebook, asking his friends if they had the needed part. One friend saw the post and gave away two used bikes. Mick took parts from each to build a new set of wheels for the boy.
Soon after, Mick repaired a bike for the boy's brother and fixed one for his sister. Word spread, and during the year, he had fixed up lots of bikes for local kids whose parents were not able to afford new ones.
"People are throwing away bikes day and night," says Mick.
Mick puts the bikes and bike parts in his garage. "I take off the good tires or the handlebars or the seats and use them," he says.
Up to now, the bike man has repaired hundreds of bikes and given away nearly 700 newly repaired bikes. They're free, but the kids must agree on two things: They have to learn how to put waste things to good use and they have to try their best to study in school.
If a kid's grades are low, Mick requires a teacher's note "saying that you're doing your best". Mick also hopes the bikes will get kids off the sofa. "When I was growing up, we all rode our bikes," he says. "Hopefully, these kids can get some exercise."
①To have a rest in the sofa. ②To study hard.
③To recycle waste things. ④To get high marks.
⑤To exercise more. ⑥To learn to repair bikes.
A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. |
A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don't feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as "an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)". They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren't very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people's hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are "definitely not the best way to reduce anger".
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
The history of chocolate begins with a plant whose name is cacao (可可豆). For centuries, people worldwide have been enjoying the rich favor of chocolate, a product made from cacao. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}Americans eat an average of more than five kilograms of chocolate per person every year. The specialty (特产) shop shows the culture of chocolate and sells chocolates from different areas of the world.
Historians believe the Mayan people of Central America first learned to farm cacao plants around 2, 000 years ago. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Then they grew them around their homes. They cooked the cacao seeds(种子)and pressed them into soft powder (粉末). They mixed the powder with water to make a delicious chocolate drink. There are often images of cacao plants on Maya buildings and art objects. The rulers drank chocolate at ceremonies. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
The Aztecs also valued chocolate in the Aztec culture. But the cacao plant could not grow in the area where they lived. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} They even used cacao seeds as a form of money to pay or give as offerings(祭品)to the gods. Only the very rich people in Aztec societies could afford to drink chocolate because cacao was so valuable.
The explorer Christopher Columbus brought cacao seeds to Spain after his trip to Central America in 1502. The rich people of Spain first enjoyed the chocolate drink. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. Nowadays, the English, Dutch and French all plant cacao trees in their own countries.
A. Chocolate is very sensitive(敏感)to temperature. B. The Mayan took the cacao trees from the rainforests. C. Chocolate is especially popular in the United States. D. Chocolate has been prepared as a drink for nearly all of its history. E. So they had to exchange goods with other societies for cacao seeds. F. Since then, the popularity of the drink has spread throughout Europe. G. And even poorer members of Mayan society could enjoy the drink sometimes. |
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