题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
山东省滨州市博兴县、阳信县2020-2021学年高一下学期英语期中联考试卷
After years in the wilderness, the term 'artificial intelligence' (AI) seems to make a comeback. AI was big in the 1980s but vanished in the 1990s. It re-entered public consciousness with the release of AI, a movie about a robot boy. Researchers, executives and marketing people are now using the expression. It is becoming acceptable again to talk of computers performing human tasks such as problem-solving and pattern-recognition. Admittedly, the return of the term has a long way to go, and some firms still prefer to avoid using it. But the fact that others are starting to use it again suggests that AI has moved on.
The field was launched, and the term 'artificial intelligence' was created, at a conference in 1956 by a group of researchers that included Marvin Minsky, John McCarthy, Herbert Simon and Alan Newell, all of whom went on to become leading figures in the field. The goal they shared was an attempt to capture human abilities using machines. That said, different groups of researchers attacked different problems, from speech recognition to chess playing, in different ways. AI unified the field in name only. But it was a term that captured the public imagination.
Most researchers agree that AI peaked around 1985. For years, AI researchers had implied that a breakthrough was just around the corner. However, thinking computers and household robots failed to materialise. People realized these were hard problems. By the late 1980s, the term AI was being avoided by many researchers. Even in some ways, AI was a victim of its own success. Meanwhile, the technologies that made it onto the market, such as speech recognition, language translation and decision-support software, were no longer regarded as AI. Yet all three once fell well within the umbrella of AI research.
But the tide may now be turning, according to Dr Leake. HNC Software of San Diego, backed by a government agency, reckon that their new approach to artificial intelligence is the most powerful and promising approach ever discovered. HNC claim that their system, based on a group of 30 processors, could be used to spot camouflaged (伪装)vehicles on a battlefield or extract a voice signal from a noisy background-tasks humans can do well, but computers cannot.
"Whether or not their technology lives up to the claims made for it, the fact that HNC are highlighting the use of AI is itself an interesting development," says Dr Leake.
Another factor that may promote the future for AI is that investors (投资者) are now looking for firms using clever technology, rather than just a clever business model, to differentiate themselves. That may mean that more artificial intelligence companies will start to emerge to meet this challenge.
Holidays
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