No one knows {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(exact) how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(accept) theory, the universe began {#blank#}3{#/blank#}a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(direction). For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.{#blank#}5{#/blank#} it was to become was {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(violence) that it was not clear {#blank#}8{#/blank#}the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(produce) carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on {#blank#}10{#/blank#} surface.

    China, which takes pride in inventions in ancient times, has once again shown its{#blank#}1{#/blank#}(able) to change the world with its “new four great inventions”: high-speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. The “new four great inventions” are all related{#blank#}2{#/blank#}China's high-tech innovation(创新){#blank#}3{#/blank#}improved the quality of people's lives. “My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat{#blank#}4{#/blank#}I want simply with a tap of my phone,” said Lin Jinlong{#blank#}5{#/blank#}overseas Chinese student from Cambodia{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(add) that “even pancake sellers are using Alipay (mobile payment). We can also order food at home, which is super convenient. If I{#blank#}7{#/blank#}(be) at home in Cambodia, I would have to go outdoors.”

    The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model of bike-sharing is based on satellite navigation system, mobile payment, big data and other high technologies. It is{#blank#}8{#/blank#}(increase) clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ideas. This is partly because China skipped over the PC age and went directly to mobile. China has the{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(large) mobile use in the world.

    In terms of the “new four great inventions”, Charlie Dai, principal analyst of American market research company Forrester, said, “These products and services{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(improve) customer experience so far, improving national and global economy at the same time”.

    Crows(乌鸦) are remarkably intelligent birds. Now these feathered geniuses are given a job: Six crows have been trained to pick up rubbish in the Puy du Fou historical theme park in western France. Whenever the six crows put cigarette ends or other small {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (piece) of trash in a special container, it offers a treat to reward the crows {#blank#}2{#/blank#} their efforts.

    The idea came from one of the park's employees, Christophe. In 2012, the theme park held a show during which the crows picked up roses and brought them to a “princess”. It was the show {#blank#}3{#/blank#} inspired him. Since then, six crows {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(raise) and trained to do the same with rubbish. The training system is similar to the one for testing crows' intelligence, {#blank#}5{#/blank#} a food dispenser(分发器) gives away a food reward when a crow {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (correct) performs a task. Christophe also introduced other species of birds to go through the training. {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (compare) with other birds, crows are much cleverer.

    The purpose of {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (train) the crows is to educate the people to reflect on themselves. Since the birds are able to protect the environment, we need to care about it too. “It is {#blank#}9{#/blank#} funny way to remind people not {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(throw) the rubbish everywhere,” said Christophe.

    As the effects of global warming, rising seas and natural disasters become more serious {#blank#}1{#/blank#} before, some local communities are taking action. Among them is one community in Florida {#blank#}2{#/blank#} local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (coast) cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.

    The community has studied how much sea levels will rise and has suggested {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (way) to address the problem. It has persuaded the state government {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (ban) new developments on land near the coastline and recommended building sand dunes (沙丘) along beaches. Kristin Jacobs, one of the group's founders, decided to take action in 2008 after it became {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (gradual) clear that her state's 27 water authorities couldn't agree on joint (联合的) action.

    While some Florida government officials doubt whether the climate will become hotter or {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (cold), the people {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (live) in these locations are certain of the need to protect their communities.

    At present, coming up with ways to fight against the effects of climate change under an limited budget {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (be) a pressing concern. Only time will tell whether these coastal communities will succeed in {#blank#}10{#/blank#} end.