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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

福建省宁德市2019-2020学年八年级下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读下面短文,根据短文内容,从每小题所给的四个选项中,选出最佳答案。

    On Feb. 26th, 2020, when an Italian went to work with a mask to prevent COVID-19, his workmates thought he was "causing panic(恐慌)". You might wonder why the East and the West have different ideas about wearing masks.

In the West, people wear masks only when they get sick. People see masks as a tool(工具) to protect sick people and prevent the disease from spreading, so healthy people don't need to wear masks. Wearing masks in public easily makes them feel "worried" and "shy". They are "afraid of being looked at differently."

However, it's common in Asia. During the 2003 SARS epidemic, masks were widely used in China and East Asia. Many Chinese also like to wear masks to stay warm in winter or protect against air pollution.

In Japan, wearing masks shows your politeness when you get a cold or the flu. Some masks even have different colors and drawings. Young women may wear masks when they don't have their makeup on. Many pop stars in Asia also use masks to protect their privacy(隐私). This makes people in the East wear masks more often when epidemics break out(爆发).

But as the number of COVID-19 cases keeps on growing around the world, people in the West are changing. Many healthy people are starting to wear masks now to protect themselves.

(1)、If people in the West are _____, they may wear masks.
A、worried B、unhealthy C、afraid D、shy
(2)、What does the underlined word "them" refer to in Paragraph 2?
A、Japanese people B、Chinese people C、western people D、eastern people
(3)、Which of the followings is TRUE about the usage(用途) of masks in Japan?
A、To keep warm in cold winter days. B、To be looked differently from others. C、To stay away from terrible air pollution. D、To show politeness when people get the flu.
(4)、Why are more and more western people starting to wear masks?
A、Because they catch a cold easily. B、Because they don't want to cause panic. C、Because they don't have their makeup on. D、Because they know it's a good way to make themselves safe.
(5)、What's the best title for this passage?
A、What does the mask mean? B、Don't be afraid of the illness. C、Let's fight against COVID-19. D、How can people protect their privacy?
举一反三
 阅读理解

Big Data and You

Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns(模式) in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media(媒体)sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go, and how much time they spend on the computer.

Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra(额外的)help in class. The teachers can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.

Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict(预测)if a baby who was born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others even if they have not done anything wrong.

How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think in a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.

 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C、D) 中选出最佳选项。

①Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) has been making waves in the art world. AI image- making tools such as Midjourney and DALL-E 2 can now make amazing digital(数码的) paintings. How do they work?

②For DALL-E 2, the AI is fed huge collections of artworks. The program finds patterns(模式) in the pictures and, after a while, learns which features (特征) are important, such as people, animals, objects, styles, or colors. Then it can produce images that keep the key features and produce a good result. The app produces a lot of images at the same time but chooses the most accurate(准确的) ones for the user to choose from. 

③These days, anyone can go online or download an app to produce their own AI art. Just give the program a few key words and choose a style, and it will create a digital painting in the style you want. This means that anyone can now create art, even if they don't know how to paint. 

④Not everyone is happy about the growth of AI- generated (生成的) art. To some, it isn't art at all because AI depends on learning from only the information it is given. The AI isn't creating on its own. However, others think that AI is the same as humans and it is no different from any other artist. 

⑤Some people also say that AI art has no value because it is too easy. It isn't created step- by- step by a human. Yet the same is true of photography. Just as artists of an earlier age welcomed photography, some artists today are using AI to create unique works of art. These artists find that they have to work together with the AI in exploring and experimenting — it isn't simple at all!

⑥At the heart of this debate(辩论) is an important question: Will AI replace human artists, or will humans learn to use AI as a tool to create great art? Only time will tell. 

阅读理解

I always told my children that they were smart all the time. Especially in the first years of their life, they learned skills and language so quickly. I had a particularly clear memory of watching my son work out how to play a Lego toy and I told him," You' re a such architectural(建筑的) genius. Mom is proud of you."

But some research suggests that we should not tell our children they' re" smart" when they do important things. When I first heard about it, I disagreed. But after doing some research, I gradually agreed. It all goes back to" growth mindset", which means that you can change your abilities through hard work and strategies(策略). Compared to a" growth mindset", a" fixed mindset" is the idea that your abilities are inborn and can't be changed. When we praise our children for being" smart" based on success, like solving a problem or doing well on a test. we' re encouraging them to believe that if they do poorly or make mistakes, they' re not smart.

And it's not just what we say about our children's success that matters — it's how we tolerate(容忍) their failures. A study led by a scientist named Kyle shows if parents think that failure is shameful, their children are more likely to be derailed by mistakes. For example, Dr. Kyle explains, your children may have difficulty in solving math problems and you may say something like" Not everyone needs to be good at numbers" as a way to comfort them. But what you' re really doing is suggesting that their math abilities are already set, and can't be changed.

Whatever you say to your kids, it's about getting them comfortable with failures. Here are some tips from Dr. Kyle. One way is to praise kids' hard work instead of their intelligence. As Dr. Kyle pointed out, if we praise a kid for a school project he finished in five minutes, he would know our praise is empty. Instead, we can ask him questions about how he did it, which can help us know how to praise future hard work. Also, we can talk about our mistakes. We don't have to hide our negative(消极的) feelings. If we point out our missteps and explain how we insisted, our children can learn to do the same.

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