题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：困难
江苏省泰州市姜堰区2016届九年级上学期英语期末考试试卷
Members of an international organization are called the Global Greeters. They offer travelers the chance to get to know a city as well as local people do.
Unlike the professional guides(专业导游), the volunteer greeters act more like neighbours. They take visitors to visit the city–either on foot or public traffic—to discover favourite neighbourhoods, cafes and parks.
All the programs work a little differently, but the basics(基本项目) are the same. The tours are free and last anywhere for two or four hours. Volunteers can be all ages, and their ages and interests try to match the travelers.
New York City(USA)
Big Apple Greeter is the pioneer “welcome visitor” program founded in 1992 by New Yorker Lynn Brooks. More than 300 volunteers now can welcome guests from all over the world in 22 languages. Greeters explain the New York City subway and bus systems and show guests around one or more of their favourite neighbourhoods. Like many greeter organizations, Big Apple accepts online donations to help with its daily costs.
Houston(USA)
Houston Greeters will organize activities such as golf, biking or an outing to an Astros game(太空人队的比赛). Another activity is to arrange a tour in need of a particular interest.
Chicago(USA)
Chicago Greeters help visitors visit one of the city's many famous neighbourhoods. The group organizes walks through Ukrainian Village on the Near North Side and Andersonville, home to Scandinavian restaurants and shops and Middle Eastern bakeries. Guides will also organize tours around themes such as fashion, film or public art.
France
In France, English speaking volunteers for Parisien d'un Jour lead visitors through hidden corners of Paris, often ending with a lively discussion on a café balcony. Guides in Lyon organize walks around themes such as shopping, markets and sports.
Global Greeters | |
Volunteer greeters travelers with the chance to know a city well. They act like to show the visitors around the city. Although greeters work in ways, the basics are the same. | |
New York City | Big Apple was founded in 1922. 300 volunteers can serve visitors in languages. |
Houston | In Houston, some activities golf, biking or an outing to an Astros game will be organized. |
Chicago | With the of Chicago Greeters, visitors can visit Ukrainian Village on the Near North Side and Andersonville, home to Scandinavian restaurants and shops and Middle Eastern bakeries, can also enjoy fashion, film or public art. |
France | Volunteers who can English for Parisien d'un Jour will lead visitors through hidden corners of Paris, and near the of the tour, they may have a lively discussion on a café balcony. |
A theory of emotion Two scientists called Stanley Schachter and Jerome Singer developed the two-factor theory of emotion in 1962. They said that emotions are formed in two parts. First, the body has a physical response to a threat and then the mind considers the physical response as an emotion, which is then felt by the person. For example, imagine you are walking through a forest and you see a bear. Seeing it would probably start a physical response, such as your heart beating very fast and sweat breaking out. Your mind then decides that this is fear, which you feel as an emotion. |
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A new study has suggested that the key to reducing feelings of anger is not venting (letting the angry emotions out) but doing calming activities such as yoga or meditation.
The study was published in March by Sophie Kjaervik and Brad Bushman from Ohio State University in the US. They wanted to explore the popular theory that venting (expressing) anger is a good way of reducing it. Examples of venting anger include shouting or hitting something like a cushion, so that you let go of the emotion and therefore don't feel it any more. The pair looked at 154 other studies on anger. These involved 10, 189 people, and included a variety of ages and backgrounds. In their study, Kjaervik and Bushman define anger as "an emotional response (反应) to a real or imagined threat (威胁)". They used a theory of emotion (情绪假说) that says emotions are partly felt in your body and partly in your mind.
The scientists looked at the other studies to see how different activities influenced anger. They found that activities such as running or boxing—which are often thought to be good for dealing with anger—weren't very good at reducing it. In fact, some of these activities actually made it worse because they increased physical responses in the body that are linked to feeling angry. For example, they made people's hearts beat faster. However, activities that decreased physical responses in the body did help to reduce feelings of anger. These included activities that slow the heart rate, such as deep breathing, meditation and yoga. Bushman says activities that increase physical responses may be good for heart health but are "definitely not the best way to reduce anger".
The team found jogging was most likely to increase anger. However, some heart-rate increasing activities—like ball games and team sports—could reduce anger.
thank, find, be white, I |
I lost a book and a watch in the school library. I must {#blank#}1{#/blank#} them. My school ID card {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in the book. The name on it is Lucy miller. The watch is {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Can you help me find them? My telephone number is 802-7823 and my e-mail address （地址）is Linda@sina.com. Please call {#blank#}4{#/blank#} or e-mail me. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.
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