A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.

B. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.

C. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.

D. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.

E. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.

F. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.

    Secret codes (密码)keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.

    People have used secret codes for thousands of years. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}Code breaking never lags(落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.

    There are three main types of cryptography. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}For example, the first letters of "My elephant eats too many eels" Spell out the hidden message "Meet me."

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#}You might represent each letter with a number, for example, Let's number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message "Meet me" would read "13, 5, 5, 20, 15, 5."

    A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} For example, "bridge" might stand for "meet" and "out" might stand for "me." The message "bridge out" would actually mean "Meet me." {#blank#}5{#/blank#} However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.

    Every year, hundreds of thousands of students travel to foreign countries to study. More than 30 percent of these students go to {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. Around 15 percent go to France and 10 percent go to both England and {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Australia and Canada are also popular countries with international students. A little{#blank#}3{#/blank#}10 percent go to Australia, and around {#blank#}4{#/blank#}go to Canada. In fact, almost eighty percent of all international students can be found in these {#blank#}5{#/blank#}countries. Now these countries are still trying to increase the number of international students studying in their countries.

    What do you do when you begin to read an English newspaper?

You'd better know what sections there are. Usually, there is international news, business, science and technology, entertainment or lifestyle, sports and cartoons. You can choose your favourite section to read carefully.

    That you come to the article itself. If you don't have time to read the

whole article, the headline(标题) and photo give you a general idea of the story.

    Different kinds of articles

    A news article includes body text and a photo with a short piece of text under it. It usually puts the most important information at the very beginning. If you don't have much time to read the story, just have a look at the first paragraph.

    A feature article is an in-depth(深人的) report on an event or a person. It usually has an interesting opening. You get to know the idea of the article as you read.

    Another kind of article is an opinion article. Usually, some famous people give their own opinions about an important issue in a fun way. Opinion article is different from news stories that are all facts.

Be a critical(批判性的) reader

    There are advertisements in newspapers. They can provide useful information about products, places, food or jobs. Remember that people make advertisements to sell you things. You don't have to do everything advertisements tell you to do. You should be critical enough to judge which advertisements are useful and which are not.

Here are some students' New Year's resolutions of 2016.

Hi, my name is Selina. I'm going to do my best at school. I'm going to finish my homework on time. If I need some help with a subject, I'm going to ask my teacher for help.

My name is Dave. I'm going to eat fruit and vegetables every day. I'm going to drink more water and milk. I'm also going to brush my teeth after meals every day.

My name is Tina. I'm going to meet more people and make more friends this year. I'm also going to be friendly to other kids in my class. I'm going to be friendly to kids who need friends—like someone who is shy or new.

I'm Tony. I'll never give out personal information such as my name, home address, school name and telephone number on the Internet. Also, I'll never send a picture of myself to someone or talk with someone online(在网上).

Without classes and exams, the summer vacation is an ideal time for Australian kids. For me, Nancy, it means much more than not going to school. It is also a golden chance to spend time with my family because I have little time with them during the school year.

Last summer vacation I travelled with my family to the Hawkes bury River in Western Sydney. It was one of the most unforgettable summer vacations in my life.

Staying by the river helps us escape from the hot weather and noise of the city. Every day, my family and I got up early to go swimming in the cool water. In the morning, we all took part in a big game. We enjoyed water— skiing, wakeboarding(尾波滑水) and other activities. These activities made our family feel closer.

In the warm afternoon, we peacefully read books on hammocks hung among trees by the river. The days always ended with a campfire. We sat around the fire, talking and laughing.

The river is a perfect place for people to forget about all the stresses(压力) of life and simply enjoy the moment. To me, it is the best place to spend time together with my family. I can't help thinking about those days again and again although so many months has passed.