Tokyo is Japan's capital and largest city. It's also one of the largest cities in the world. To has a history of hundreds of years, and now it is the main part of a big city area. The big city area is called Greater Tokyo. It includes (包括) Tokyo and some other cities near it. There are over 30,000,000 people living in this area.

    Many streets of Tokyo are very crowded, and most of the buildings are very tall and modem. But how could such an old city look so modern? During World War II, over a third of buildings in Tokyo were destroyed (被摧毁). After World War II, people began to build the city again. That way, the city looked different from before.

    Today Tokyo is a very welcoming city. Many people come to visit Tokyo every day. The best way to go to the city from other parts of Japan is by train. And the Shinkansen the fast trains are famous all over the world. Visitors from other countries can enjoy themselves a lot in Tokyo. They can learn Japanese culture and try Japanese food. There are lots of nice restaurants in Tokyo. The city never goes dark at night. So walking in Tokyo at night is always an option for most visitors.

    If you come to visit Japan, make sure you stop in Tokyo for at least (至少) a few days.

    Few words are spoken more often every day on the streets of Britain than "I'm sorry". This phrase has become such a common response(反应) that it has taken on a lot of meanings.

    Saying "Sorry" means to apologize(道歉). This is simple and easy to understand. We learn it both as a native speaker and as a student of foreign languages.

    But in Britain, it takes on another meaning. It is a cultural expression. Imagine this: a man walks down the street, looking down at his phone. A woman is walking in the opposite direction, towards the man. She sees him, but she can't get out of the way in time. The man bumps (碰撞) into the woman. Who should say sorry? Naturally, the man should say sorry, because it was he who wasn't looking where he was going. Yet in Britain, it is common for both to apologize.

    It is known that British people, like most people, do not enjoy conflict(冲突).So to quickly calm the situation, British people will apologize to each other.

    Other times it may sound funny to hear "sorry". Some of my friends say it at restaurants, as they ask the waiter: "Sorry, but can I order another drink?" It is not to apologize, but just to express that we need the waiter. In Britain, sorry doesn't always mean exactly what you think.

Today，young people spend about six hours a day in front of a TV or a computer and less than four minutes playing outdoors.It is not healthy for the mind and the body when time spent using technology replaces outdoor time.

Some health experts call green time "vitamin G".Kids who don't get outdoors much are likely to have trouble in school.Doctors believe that is because being outdoors excites the mind more than sitting around indoors.Even those who usually spend a lot of time outdoors notice a difference when they don't get green time.Madelyne P，14，says ， "I feel more tired when I don't get outdoors."

Researchers believe the positive effects of green time come from the physical activity in pastimes such as hiking or boating.Exercise produces brain chemicals that improve learning，mood，and sleep.It also improves learning by increasing connections between nerve cells that are important in learning and memory.Some schools hold classes outside for those reasons.Student Hannah Smith，says she believes the outdoors helps her focus and gets her to learn.Learning in a forest sparked her interest in art and photography，too.

Even doctors are helping give their patients a dose of（一剂）vitamin G.Miller writes "park prescriptions （处方）"for her patients because，being outdoors is good for health.She finds that when she gives patients park prescriptions，they are likely to continue with them.

Getting outdoors can be simple，just like calling together your family for a picnic lunch.All it takes is five minutes or more of green time.

Get outside，and get your vitamin G!

China is a nation with a rich culture in handwriting (书法). "Even though the computer is {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (wide) used today, Chinese people should not forget the skill of writing with hands," said a Chinese government officer.

    So far, the computer {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (become) a very useful tool to help people to write. As people use computers more often than before, many people have forgotten how to write Chinese characters (字). People often makes plenty of {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (mistake) in writing.

    The Chinese character test shows that nowadays, many college students' handwriting has got even {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(bad). Many college students do not know how to make words or sentences in Chinese character in the right way. Not only kids but also many adults have met {#blank#}5{#/blank#}same problem. They might be able to tell the general form of a certain character. However, {#blank#}6{#/blank#} you ask them to spell out the character correctly, they can't. On the other hand, they can type out the character on a computer without thinking {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(two).

At present, China is trying its best {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(solve) this problem. With the use of certain technologies, teachers can write their teaching contents (内容) and the students can reply by writing in the nation language teaching course. We can also write letters {#blank#}9{#/blank#} our relatives and friends instead of sending messages. This can help {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (we) practice handwriting. Besides, there are many ways that we can try.

Like visible light, UV rays are energy waves released by the sun, only they cannot been seen. Some exposure (暴露) to    those waves can do a body good. For example, ultraviolet B (UV-B) rays tell human skin to make vitamin D. Too much exposure can be harmful, though. Overexposure to UV rays can cause DNA problems, opening the door for skin cancer. 

Too much sun can also cause painful sunburns. 

There are three different types of UV energy waves. They are UV-A, UV-B and UV-C rays. Each type moves at a different wavelength, with UV-A's being the longest. Rays of UV-C are considered especially harmful to human beings. 

Fortunately, we have the ozone (臭氧) layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It blocks out nearly all of the UV-C rays and most of the UV-B ones. 

The moon doesn't have much of an atmosphere, though. Back on the moon, things are more dangerous. Over the years, astronauts have planted six American flags on the moon. Some scientists think that powerful UV rays could have bleached all the colorful flags white by now. For this reason, the moon is a dangerous place to visit without protection. You might think that astronauts who visit the moon would come home with terrible sunburns. That didn'thappen to

Armstrong and his company. Neil Armstrong was a U. S. astronaut and the first person to walk on the moon. These astronauts all wore special spacesuits on their missions. Spacesuits were made with heavy fabrics that block out UV rays. 

When Armstrong set foot on the lunar surface, he was wearing a see-through helmet (头盔) with sun shades that were made of ultraviolet-stabilized polycarbonate. It is a very tough plastic that protects astronauts' faces from UV rays. A

weaker material could put the space travelers at risk for "snow blindness" and other problems. Conditions like these arise when UV rays damage parts of the human eyes. 

Sunscreen (防晒霜) defends us from the UV rays that do pass through the ozone layer. However, there's really no need for an astronaut to put on sunscreen. The risk of sunburn goes way down when astronauts are inside a spaceship. Inside

the International Space Station (ISS), for example, there is no need for special suits. Astronauts regularly do their work in nothing but common cotton shirts and pants. To protect them from sunburns, the ISS uses UV-blocking windows. So do most space exploration ships. 

Do you like listening to mom？You may say no. Lately，scientists know the reason for it. They find that kids' brains （大脑） enjoy their mothers' words. But when they get older，they like listening to friends' words. 

A scientist named Danel Abram scan （扫描） students' brains （ages from 7 to 16）. When they listen to mothers' words，their brains are active. Students aged 7-12 years answer mom's words more actively. But starting from ages 13 to 14，students talk more with friends. 

Why is this？First，when we grow up，we have more time to study and play with friends，so we think what other people think is more important. Second，this is a time when we think and see the world in our own eyes. 

Next time，when your parents feel sad about this，you can share your feelings and tell them reasons. Anyway，we are sure to grow up and say goodbye to our yesterday's life.