If you're showering every day, you're probably over doing it. In fact, showering too often can actually hurt your body in the long run.

    As Time's public health column explains, daily showers are common due to social norms more than any proper health need. We connect being freshly showered with being attractive and pleasing, so we tend to showering often to feel better.

    But what's the ideal shower frequency? In terms of your health — not how you look or smell — probably once or twice a week, assistant professor of dermatology at George Washington University, Dr. C. Brandon Mitchell says. “Your body is naturally a well-oiled machine,” he says. “A daily shower isn't necessary.”

    Of course, your situation may vary. If you have a job like car maintenance or construction, you'll obviously have a visible layer of dirt you'll need to wash off every single day. Similarly, if you work out every day, you may not have any health risks by washing every day, but you'll still be smelly. If you feel like you need to take daily showers for aesthetic（审美的）reasons, at least make most of them light showers. “I tell patients who shower daily not to soap their whole bodies,” Mitchell says. Hit your pits, butt and groin, which are the areas that produce strong smells. The rest of your body doesn't need much soaping, he says.

    Too much time spent under the hot water can dry out your skin, cause cracks（裂纹）that can lead to infections or germs getting into your skin, and take away the natural oils on your skin that help keep it healthy. So, even if you're aiming to be your most presentable, be sure to keep it moderate to avoid hurting your skin in the long run.

    A small insect is getting a lot of attention in the United States. The rusty patched bumblebee (大黄蜂) is the first of its species to be declared endangered in the lower 48 states—meaning every state except Alaska and Hawaii. The rusty patched bumblebee is named for a rust-colored line on its back.

    The U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service announced this month it was adding the bee to its endangered species list. The insects are "on the brink of extinction, " according to the service. It said the bees were once found in 28 states. But there now are only small populations remaining in 13 states. The government agency will make a plan to help the dying bees recover. The agency said that such a plan might help other insects,like butterflies.

    U.S. officials think land owners can take small steps to help the rusty patched bumblebee. They say land owners can be friendlier towards bees by using native plants in their gardens. The insects directly fertilize many kinds of fruit and vegetable crops. And they fertilize grain crops used to feed cattle and milk cows. It costs billions of dollars to duplicate the job the bees do for free. Land owners are also being urged to cut back on their use of pesticide products. The officials also suggest that gardeners leave their plants alone at the end of the summer instead of cutting them. That way, the bees will have a place to live over the winter.

    The Fish and Wildlife Service says the rusty patched bumblebee was added to the endangered species list partly because of habitat loss. Other reasons were disease, pesticides and climate change. Officials are worried that other bees will suffer, too. Another species of bees in Hawaii is also endangered.

Urban Transportation in Canada

    Public transportation & Transit passes

    All cities and most major towns in Canada have a public transportation system with one or more modes of transportation (bus, subway, train, etc.). The bus is the most common form of urban transportation in Canada. To use public transportation, you must purchase a ticket or a transit pass. Transit passes allow you unlimited use of public transportation for a specific period (one month or more). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if you plan to use public transportation often.

    Transportation for people with disabilities

    Public transportation often has features to assist people with disabilities. In many cities and towns, there are also transportation services available specifically for people with limited mobility, such as specially equipped buses. You can find out about these services in the same way you would learn more about other public transportation options.

    Etiquette on public transportation

When taking public transportation such as a bus or train, it is important to understand the unspoken rules of conduct in the shared space. Here are a few things to note:

    Be polite and respectful to others around you. For example, maintain an appropriate noise level when talking or making a phone call.

    If you are carrying a backpack or a large shoulder bag in a crowded public transit vehicle, keep it close to you, preferably at your feet to avoid hitting people with it as you walk by.

    Avoid pushing or touching others in order to make more room for yourself. Sometimes public transit can become very crowded, but it is important to keep calm and give others appropriate personal space.

    Have your proof of payment accessible in case you are asked to show it.

    Father's Day is celebrated today in 75 countries around the world. In my personal world, it's a day I like to think of my father's father.

    I learned a lot in my later life from my dad. But I learned something else, as a kid not even yet in school, from my grandfather. I learned to be curious. Little things fathers and grandfathers do can change the life of a child forever. In my case, this change came from necessity: My mom needed someone to look after little Allen, barely 4 years old, during the school day. My grandmother volunteered, and my grandfather came up with a way I could be watched while he worked in his clockmaker's shop.

    He seated me on a chair every day while I was there, right in front of his big workbench. He told me stories. He had a great sense of humor and a funny way of making a "buh-buh-buh" sound when he sensed my attention was weakening, and he encouraged me to ask questions about anything he was doing.

    Naturally, I was usually asking questions about clocks--what made the hands move, what the pendulum(钟摆) did, why you had to stop winding just before the weight hit the stop. Sometimes I just asked about which shiny parts went where.

    Most of all, he showed me how clocks worked. He treated me as if I were a sort of small grown-up. He never talked down to me, never told me I was "too young to understand".

    And so my grandfather granted me two things: A love of clocks, and an everlasting curiosity.

    As a journalist, I turned that fascination into explanations of why computers and software do what they do——and, perhaps even more importantly, why they fail at that task. I haven't been afraid of opening up the innards and looking for what is wrong with the computer.

    A headache is the feeling you get when your head hurts. Headaches can differ from very mild to incredibly powerful. They can last anywhere from 10 minutes to hours. Very bad headaches are called migraines. People who suffer from migraine headaches often need to take the day off from school or work and lie in bed all day.

    Why do people get headaches? There are many possible causes. People who drink too much caffeine (in coffee or soft drinks, for example) or alcohol can end up with headaches. This is because these kinds of drinks take water away from the body. If the brain doesn't have enough water, it gets smaller and pulls away from the head. This can be extremely painful. The best way to get rid of this kind of headache is just to drink lots of water.

    Tension headaches happen when the body's muscles are too tight. When people feel stress, it is common for the muscles near the head to become tense. Tension headaches might also be caused by not getting enough sleep. Some people suffer from tension headaches for only short times but for other people, these kinds of headaches are a chronic problem that happens again and again. A massage (按摩) might help to stop a tension headache. If that doesn't help, you might need to see a doctor.

    Headaches can also be caused by much bigger health problems. For example, a head or neck injury can cause them. Headaches can also be a warming sign of a heart attack.

In the blog Jo wrote about her experiences of  {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (be) a teacher in a bush school in Papua New Guinea. We can imagine  {#blank#}2{#/blank#} difficult it was for her to work there, since there was no{#blank#}3{#/blank#} (electrical) or water, and no {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (equip) for science subjects. And students had to walk a long way to the school. 

{#blank#}5{#/blank#} was difficult for her to get to know the local people as she didn't know much Pidgin English, but there was one chance {#blank#}6{#/blank#} she managed to visit the home of one of her students. After as long as two and a half hours' hard journey, she and another teacher Jenny arrived at Tombe's house, a low bamboo hut with grass {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (stick) out of the roof. They entered the room {#blank#}8{#/blank#} the narrow doorway, and the hut was dark inside so it took time for their eyes {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (adjust)．Jo really felt it was {#blank#}10{#/blank#} great privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.