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题型:选词填空(语篇) 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

上海市奉贤区2021届高三上学期英语期末(一模)试卷(含听力音频)

Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. similarly B. potential C. restricting D. sense E. evidenced F. influential

G. crowned H. fairly I. emerging J. terms K. contexts

Cambridge Dictionary's Word of the Year 2020

Quarantine has been named Word of the Year 2020 by Cambridge Dictionary, a website where editors use data from the website, blogs, and social media to identify and prioritize new additions. On the New Words Blog,  new additions are posted weekly for readers to cast their votes on whether they feel these words should be added. Surprisingly, "Quarantine" has defeated "lockdown" and "pandemic" to be  Word of the Year 2020 after data showed it to be one of the most highly searched for on the Cambridge Dictionary.

The Cambridge Dictionary editors have also tracked how people were using the word quarantine and discovered a new meaning : a general period of time in which people are not allowed to leave their homes or travel freely, so that they do not catch or spread a disease.

Research shows the word is being used  to lockdown, particularly in the United States, to refer to a situation in which people stay home to avoid catching the disease.

This new  of quarantine has now been added to the Cambridge Dictionary, and marks a shift from the existing meanings, which relate to  a person or animal suspected of being infectious.

Neither corona virus nor COVID-19 appeared among the words that Cambridge Dictionary users searched for most this year. We believe this indicates that people have been  confident about what the virus is. Instead, users have been searching for words related to the social and economic impacts of the pandemic, as  not just by quarantine but by the two runners-up on the shortlist for Word of the Year: lockdown and pandemic itself. This interest in quarantine and other related  was reflected not only in our search statistics, but also in visits to this blog.

Cambridge Dictionary is the top dictionary website for English learning. The dictionary not only shows how words are used in real-world  but also gives out their definitions.

举一反三
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

A. massively  B. potential  C. figures  D. fake  E. manually  F. sprang  G. captured  H. paste  I. extreme  J. generated  K. profound

    Today, the events {#blank#}1{#/blank#} in realistic-looking or-sounding video and audio recordings need never have happened. They can instead be {#blank#}2{#/blank#} automatically, by powerful computers and machine-learning software. The catch-all term for these computational productions is "deepfakes".

    The term first appeared on Reddit, a messaging board, as the username for an account which was producing {#blank#}3{#/blank#} videos. An entire community {#blank#}4{#/blank#} up around the creation of these videos, writing software tools that let anyone automatically {#blank#}5{#/blank#} one person's face onto the body of another. Reddit shut the community down, but the technology was out there. Soon it was being applied to political {#blank#}6{#/blank#} and actors.

    Tools for editing media {#blank#}7{#/blank#} have existed for decades—think Photoshop. The power and peril of deepfakes is that they make fakery cheaper than ever before. Before deepfakes, a powerful computer and a good chunk of a university degree were needed to produce a realistic fake video of someone. Now some photos and an Internet connection are all that is required.

    The consequences of cheap, widespread fakery are likely to be {#blank#}8{#/blank#}, albeit slow to unfold. Plenty worry about the possible impact that believable, fake footage of politicians might have on civil society—from a further loss of trust in media to the {#blank#}9{#/blank#} for electoral distortions. These technologies could also be deployed against softer targets: it might be used, for instance, to bully classmates by creating imagery of them in embarrassing situations. In a world that was already saturated with {#blank#}10{#/blank#} imagery, deepfakes make it plausible to push that even further.

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