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题型:完形填空 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

安徽省蚌埠市2018-2019学年高一下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。

    As a college student, I joined a technology and invention group. We chose to focus on studying paint materials for buildings that 1 little or no pollution. At this time, lots of paint 2 harmful materials, for example, formaldehyde (甲醛). We found that some fruits, including apples and pineapples, ave effective materials that could get rid of (去除) those 3.

    We did lots of research and experiments, devoting many weekends to 4 because we faced many problems which were beyond our knowledge. Our chemistry teachers also 5 us and made the laboratory available to us. Our first plan was to use fresh fruits 6 the chemicals. We collected pineapple peels (皮) from a fruit market and 7 them as studying materials. After days of experiments we 8 that we were not on the night path because fresh fruits went bad 9 and only had a short-time effect.

    We continued studying and continued 10, but the failure gave us the inspiration to improve. In order to achieve better 11 before the annual contest, we worked for many hours, even into the night discussing, trying and improving. 12, we had a good plan to draw the effective substances (物质) from the 13 and make them into a chemical preparation.

    Problems were solved and 14 were got over. After five months, we had finally created a machine that could kill many varieties of bad materials in the 15. This invention won the second prize at the annual provincial technology and invention 16 and we applied for a national patent (专利). We were 17 honored because we were the only college students to win a prize.

    This memorable 18 taught us not to be afraid of failure which should be used productively to help us discover our 19 points. We did a lot of work but still failed using the original plan. 20, we did not give up. Instead, we discovered factors that led to failure and tried to overcome them. At last, we succeeded.

(1)
A、leave out B、lead to C、wipe out D、hold back
(2)
A、conducts B、concludes C、consumes D、contains
(3)
A、chemicals B、challenges C、products D、parts
(4)
A、discussing B、inventing C、learning D、designing
(5)
A、comforted B、prevented C、trained D、helped
(6)
A、test B、kill C、gain D、cover
(7)
A、saw B、encouraged C、used D、regarded
(8)
A、found B、hoped C、remembered D、heard
(9)
A、suddenly B、slowly C、eventually D、easily
(10)
A、fighting B、exploring C、failing D、improving
(11)
A、conditions B、results C、plans D、opportunities
(12)
A、Finally B、Usually C、Accidentally D、Actually
(13)
A、subjects B、pollutants C、materials D、fruits
(14)
A、programs B、wonders C、difficulties D、doubts
(15)
A、waste B、paint C、resources D、building
(16)
A、competition B、ceremony C、exhibition D、conference
(17)
A、hardly B、privately C、especially D、perfectly
(18)
A、donation B、failure C、story D、experience
(19)
A、unique B、weak C、strong D、normal
(20)
A、However B、Anyway C、Though D、Otherwise
举一反三
 阅读理解

D

With the completion of the Human Genome(基因组)Project more than 20 years ago, and the discovery of the double helix structure of DNA enjoying its 70th birthday last year, you might assume that we know how life works. Think again!

Evolution has a 4bn-year head start on us. However, several aspects of the standard picture of how life works-the idea of the genome as a blueprint, of genes as instructions for building an organism, of proteins as precisely tailored molecular(分子)machines and more-have wildly reduced the complexity of life. 

In the excellent book How Life Works, Philip Ball explorers the new biology, revealing life to be a far richer, more delicate affair than we have understood. Ball explains that life is a system of many levels-genes, proteins, cells, tissues, and body modules-each with its own rules and principles, so there is no unique place to look for an answer to it. 

Also, How Life Works is a much more appealing title than the overused question of "What is life?". We should be less concerned with what a thing is, and rather more focused on what a thing does. Defining a living thing implies an unchangeable ideal type, but this will run counter to the Darwinian principle that living things are four-dimensional, ever changing in time as well as space.

But it's an idea that is deeply rooted within our culture. Ball points out that we rely on metaphors(比喻)to explain and explore the complexities of life, but none suffice. We are taught that cells are machines, though no machine we have invented behaves like the simplest cell; that DNA is a code or a blueprint, though it is neither; that the brain is a computer, though no computer behaves like a brain at all.

Ball is a terrific writer, pumping out books on incredibly diverse subjects. There's a wealth of well-researched information in here, and some details that are a bit chewy for the lay reader. But the book serves as an essential introduction on our never-ending quest to understand life.

阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The popularity of ancient towns in the south of the Yangtze River, such as Zhouzhuang and Wuzhen, has aroused a nationwide trend in the construction of ancient towns. Lin Peng, the director of China's Institute of Ancient Cities and Cultural Studies, pointed {#blank#}1{#/blank#} that there are more than 2,800 developed or developing ancient towns in our country, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} is definitely the highest number globally.

In ancient towns, {#blank#}3{#/blank#} immersive(沉浸式) experience being mentioned here is historical and cultural characteristics—the "ancient" of ancient towns. Apart from visible "special buildings", characteristics also include invisible "culture". Tourists in ancient towns want to see the living {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (condition) of local people, feel the vitality of town life, try characteristic local snacks {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (influence) by geography and folk customs, and understand how long history {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (shape) local culture. Out of modern fast-paced work and life, tourists want to awaken their inner softness with a slow-moving ancient town.

Touring ancient towns is for recreation, relaxation, and pleasure, {#blank#}7{#/blank#} if all the ancient towns in different places are the same and cannot find their own {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (unique), then ancient town tourism will {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (eventual) decline. Let every ancient town become a unique historical imprint(印记), so that tourists can find their "poetry and distance" while {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (wander) through the ancient towns. This is the soul that ancient towns need to regain.

 阅读理解

It's 1:30 am in Kenya's populated north, and 50 people are lying on their backs on the shore of a dried-up river, staring up at the night sky. These stargazers have travelled 250 miles to Samburu to witness the Perseid meteor shower(英仙座流星雨). They are not disappointed: Every few minutes, arrows of light shoot across the sky like silent fireworks.

The Star Safari is organised by a Kenyan astronomer, Susan Murabana, who has brought a 50 kg,170 cm-long telescope to allow the group to view Mars and deep-sky objects. But here in Samburu, where light pollution is minimal, the Perseid meteors—visible with the naked eye (裸眼)—steal the show.

Every two months, Murabana and her husband load their telescope on to the roof of their 4×4 and set off to rural communities, where they give up to 300 children a chance to view the planets and learn about constellations (星座) and the basics of astrophysics. They primarily targets schools in remote areas because of her mission to give girls an opportunity that she wishes had been available to her.

"When I started this work, I didn't see people who looked like me. I was a lone ranger and I wanted to change that." says Murabana.

"There is a common misconception in Kenya that astronomy in general is hard, boring, and only for boys," she adds. "I'd like to teach young girls that astronomy is neither of these things and that they, too, can become astronomers," says Murabana.

Murabana's passion for astronomy began in her early 20s when her uncle invited her to join a similar outreach session organized by the Cosmos Education. "That was a gamechanger. If an outreach group had come to me when I was a young teenager, my attitude towards a career in astronomy would have been positive. I ended up studying sociology and economics, but maybe I would have desired to be an astronomer," she says.

Inspired by the Cosmos Education, Murabana completed an online master's degree in astronomy with the James Cook University in 201l and set up her own outreach programme. She looked to Dr Mae Jemison, the first black woman in space, as a role model. "I hope that one day, through this work, I will spark a chain reaction that leads to the first African woman in space."

 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Faye and Matthew Gooding and their five young sons appear to have perfect lives. Mrs. Gooding 1 beautiful photos of life in their four-bedroom house on Instagram(一种社交软件), and more than 32, 000 people 2 them. For the couple themselves, 3 , this "materially(物质地) perfect world" was lacking something—so now they are giving up all their 4 to travel around the world with their kids.

This was the last Christmas that the couple spent in their house, which has already been sold. Most of their belongings are 5 too. Shortly their Ford car will be sold and the family will take just one backpack each.

Mrs. Gooding said: "Some friends and family think Matt and I are 6 to be giving up so much. It's been difficult giving up so many possessions. Yet 7 enjoying spending time with the boys, I found myself cleaning the house all day before. The older ones were at school and I thought, 'I 8 see them'. I admitted how I felt to Matt. He agreed it felt as if our lives moved around 9 things—both of us working to 10 the mortgage(贷款) and keep ourselves in our materially perfect world."

    They will leave this month and plan to start their 11 in Sweden where they have friends.

Mr. Gooding added: "People have said 'aren't you worried about stability and safety?'— 12 as we have five small children. It is a (an) 13 because we are giving up so much. But we can't wait to spend more time with our sons without the 14 of everyday routines. We don't know what will happen, but we do know if we didn't do this we would always 15 it."

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