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题型:阅读表达 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市东城区2018-2019学年八年级下学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读短文,根据短文内容回答问题

    If you have nothing but a map and a compass (指南针), could you find your way through an outdoor course (路线)? Orienteers can. Orienteering is a sport in which a person or a team must complete a course, stopping at certain marked (标注的) points along the way. They use a special map and a compass.

    Orienteering maps are special because they are topographic maps. A topographic map is a kind of map that shows the shape of the land, from hills to trees to lakes. Special colors are used to mark different parts of the map. Black areas are man-made features, like roads and buildings. Brown shows highs and lows, like hills and valleys. Blue marks water areas such as lakes, ponds, and rivers. White shows open forest that you can run through easily. Green means a forest where you should slow down—the darker the green, the harder it is to run through. Yellow color shows open areas like fields.

    By reading these special maps and using a compass, orienteers travel from one control spot to another. Control spots are circled on the map, and they are also marked by orange and white flags on the course. To complete a course successfully, you must find each control marker in a specific (特定的) order.

    People of all ages enjoy orienteering because it is a fun way to exercise their body and mind. There are easy courses for beginners and more difficult courses for people who have had more experience. Websites about orienteering also give some extra tips and information. There are even orienteering competitions!

    There are many kinds of orienteering. Among these, the oldest and the most popular is foot orienteering—this means orienteering while running or walking on foot. But now people also orienteer on skis, mountain bikes—even in canoes!

(1)、What do orienteers use to complete a course?
(2)、Which colour shows a more difficult place to run through, white or green?
(3)、What must orienteers do to complete a course successfully?
(4)、Why do people of all ages enjoy orienteering?
(5)、What is the most popular kind of orienteering?
举一反三
 阅读短文, 从每小题所给的四个选项中, 选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。

Recently, researchers have found that dolphins know their own names much like people. Dolphins talk to one another with whistles (口哨) and calls. Scientists have known that the animals also use unusual whistles to name each other. They had thought that dolphins only heard each other's voices. However, the scientists didn't know that dolphins listen for their names too.

To test this idea, the researchers caught 14 dolphins and recorded their name calls. The scientists then copied each dolphin's voice. When the changed recordings were played, the dolphins replied strongly to the names of their relatives and group members. They paid no attention to the names of dolphins they did not know.

Dolphins live in large groups that grow and change. Each dolphin's unusual whistle helps it quickly find a friend or a family member, or call for help. Understanding their calls requires learning. It's a skill that's seen in very few animals, which include humans and elephants.

Elephants, for example, communicate with sound. Their sounds can be heard by other elephants miles away. Dolphins, too, communicate with each other by making sounds like this. Elephants also communicate by moving their head, feet and trunk (象鼻). In much the same way, dolphins communicate by their movements. They often touch each other to express friendship.

Unlike dolphins, elephants also communicate by their great sense of smell. They can recognize other elephants by the smells they have.

Why do dolphins and elephants share the gift of communication? Scientists think it may be because they are social and smart animals. Both have strong family relationship. Now, whether they also have nicknames(绰号) is another question!

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