{#blank#}1{#/blank#} (exact) when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows. However, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.

Scientists believe that these first settler {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (cross) the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America {#blank#}4{#/blank#} means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. In the 16th century, after the {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (arrive) of Europeans, the native people suffered greatly. Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died {#blank#}6{#/blank#} the diseases brought by Europeans. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (live) in California than in any other state.

    In the 18th century, California was ruled by Spain. Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century. Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along the northwest coast of {#blank#}8{#/blank#} we now call the United States. Of {#blank#}9{#/blank#} first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (teach) the Catholic religion to the natives.

    Johnny Carson began his work in television {#blank#}1{#/blank#}his twenties. First he worked at local stations in Nebraska. Several years {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (late), he moved to Los Angeles, California. It was “The Tonight Show”{#blank#}3{#/blank#}made Johnny Carson famous for thirty years. He became {#blank#}4{#/blank#}most popular star of American television. He {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(call) “the king of late night.” Critics said Americans from all parts of the country liked him and felt they knew him.

    He did not take his fame {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (serious). For example, when asked how he became a “star”, he answered: “I started in a gas state and I cooled.” Carson's special skill was his sense of humor. Audiences laughed at his jokes he made at the{#blank#}7{#/blank#} (begin) of his show. However, sometimes they laughed even{#blank#}8{#/blank#}(hard) at the jokes that failed. He was the most{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(power) performer (表演者) on television. Many comedians (喜剧演员) and singers became successful after{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (appear) on “The Tonight Show”.

    From red lanterns to red envelopes, did you ever wonder {#blank#}1{#/blank#} the color red is so popular in China, especially during the Chinese New Year? It is said that it all began with Nian, a wild beast {#blank#}2{#/blank#} would frighten villagers on the New Year,{#blank#}3{#/blank#} (eat)crops, livestock(家畜),and even children. But villagers learned that this animal {#blank#}4{#/blank#} a lion head was afraid of three things: fire, noise, and the color red. Nian was defeated, and from then on, the color red was considered {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (bring)good luck and good fortune to all.

    “Usually red lanterns are hung outside the doors to ward off(避开)bad luck,” suggests Karen Katz, author of {#blank#}6{#/blank#} picture book My First Chinese New Year.“ Also red cutout papers {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (use)as decorations to hang on the walls. If you live near a Chinese neighborhood, you should be able to purchase these {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (item), but if not, go online and order them. You can also make your own cutouts.”

Still, the most popular way to celebrate the Chinese New Year {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (be)to hand out red envelopes filled with money. However, like toys under the Christmas tree, some traditions are meant for children, and Chinese red envelopes are given to {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (they)to ward off evil spirits.

    Since 1949 when the People's Republic of China {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(establish), and especially since 1978, China's transformation from a traditional {#blank#}2{#/blank#}（agriculture）society to a modern industrial society has been greatly accelarated by a rapid industrial restructuring. China's industrial structure developed according to the objective of industrialization, {#blank#}3{#/blank#} aimed at the proportion(比例)of agriculture declining ceaselessly, and the proportion of the industrial and service sector increasing continually. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(current), the industrial goods produced in China all range from capital goods to consumption goods.

    China's factory outputs extend from textiles (纺织业) to railway, planes and computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the world and exports large {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(quantity) of textiles and clothes. Food processing is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(include)television sets, bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are expanding in the world.

    China has become {#blank#}7{#/blank#} industrialized country to some extent. The auto and the housing industry, in the process of industrialization have developed by leaps and bounds. The most important export products are machinery and electric equipment,{#blank#}8{#/blank#} the most important import products are raw materials. In recent years, China's industry{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(compete) internationally, and as a result, the {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(develop)of the country's industry is increasingly influenced by international economic environments.

    Out of the 20 little things you've always wondered about, one of them {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (probable) has to do with the small {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (five) pocket on your jeans. By now, you might have given up on trying to use it since it's too small to fit anything you actually need. But why is it there in the first place? Well, today, it doesn't really serve {#blank#}3{#/blank#} purpose, but it used to in the late 1800s.

    Actually the small pocket is called a watch pocket because it was originally intended as a safe place for men to store their pocket {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (watch). It {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (date) back to Levis first ever pair of jeans, which hit the market in 1879.

    The Levi Strauss blog also pointed {#blank#}6{#/blank#} that originally, there were only four pockets on a pair of blue jeans, the watch pocket {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (include). "The first blue jeans had four pockets—only one in back and, in the front, two plus the small, watch pocket," the blog stated.

    So next time you find {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (you) standing casually with your thumb hooked in that small pocket, know that it originally {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (use) to store a pocket watch. And now that we've got to know the tiny jean pocket, find out {#blank#}10{#/blank#} blue is the most common color.

Cathy: Stan, do you have a minute?

Stan: Oh, hi, Cathy. What's up?

Cathy: Well, I am really {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (disappoint) with the situation in the office.

Stan: I am not in that very often. It is {#blank#}2{#/blank#} noisy that I can't work.

Cathy: Yeah. I {#blank#}3{#/blank#} have finished my papers yesterday, but Jack kept {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (ask) his students to come in and out.

Stan:  Has anybody spoken to him about it?

Cathy: No, not yet. So we should come up with an idea {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(stop) him doing that kind of things.

Stan: Yeah. I am not able to do my work and {#blank#}6{#/blank#} are you.

Cathy: Could we ask for a kind of meeting room? When teachers have to talk with their students, they could use the meeting room instead {#blank#}7{#/blank#} the office. You know, there is {#blank#}8{#/blank#} room down the hall.

Stan: You mean that little storage room? Oh, {#blank#}9{#/blank#} would be too small.

Cathy: Are you sure? With those things taken out, it might be {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (big) than it looks.

Stan: Good idea.