Long，long ago，people in Rome(罗马)talked to one another in Latin(拉丁文)．Pupils in school learned to read and(A)        in Latin．Books are in Latin．

    Some Romans went to other parts of the world．They took their language with them．Soon(B)拉丁文在许多国家被使用 ． It became a world language．

People in other countries did not talk in Latin the same wav．In each land，they(C)        the language a little．As time went by，they made more changes.(D)．At last they did not talk in Latin any more ． New languages had come from the old one．

(E)People do not talk to each other in Latin today ． But they still use many Latin words．You do，too．Street，wall，city，and salt are some of the Latin words we use．There're many pupils in school．Pupil is a Latin word．It means(F)“little doll”．

    Different countries have different customs in giving presents.

    IN CHINA you must never give a clock to a Chinese person, because the sound of the word for "clock" is similar to the sound for "death" in Chinese. Also, don't wrap（包裹） a present in white, black, or blue paper, because these are the colors for funerals（葬礼）. Don't give a knife, because something sharp（锋利的） can cut a friendship.

    IN RUSSIA if we give flowers as a present, we have to give all odd numbers of them(one, three, five, etc.) because even numbers of flowers(two, four, six, etc.) are for funerals.

    IN GERMANY flowers are a good present to take to your dinner hostess, but don't take her red roses because it means you are in love with her. Don't take thirteen of anything because it's an unlucky number. Don't take an even number of anything, either. Don't wrap your present in white, brown, or black paper.

Most families love to go on holiday together. It is great fun to leave your common life behind and go somewhere different and exciting!

{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Some people enjoy traveling around cities and visiting museums. Other people prefer outdoor holidays, where you can hike or go boating. Some people like cruises, where the huge ship is like a hotel.

Many families go on holiday in summer, when schools are closed.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}In the past, most British families would take their holidays at a British seaside town. However, now many people choose to go abroad instead. One reason for this is to escape（躲藏）the possibility of rain at home! France, Spain and Greece are popular destinations（目的地）.

In the United States, summer holidays often involve a road trip.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}It is common to drive hundreds of miles to get to your destination. If the beach is too far away, you could go to one of the national parks. Many people love to enjoy the natural beauty of places such as Yellowstone or the Grand Canyon.

{#blank#}4{#/blank#} In winter, many people go skiing. The Alps are a very popular place to ski. The mountain scenery is truly wonderful! You can try downhill skiing, cross-country skiing or snowshoeing.

No matter what kind of holiday you take, there are two things that nearly everyone does. The first is to send postcards to friends and family at home, so they can see a photo of the place where you are. The second is to buy some sort of souvenir（纪念品）so that you can remember your trip—maybe a T-shirt or an art piece. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}

A．Beach holidays are very popular in Britain.

B．Few people like to take holidays in winter.

C．There are many different kinds of holidays.

D．Summer is not the only season for going on holiday.

E．This means packing the whole family into the car and setting out!

F．Then once you're home, it's time to start planning your next holiday!

G．However, some families never have chances to take holidays together.

Chinese researchers reached the top of Qomolangma on May 4th, 2022. They set up the world's highest automatic(自动的)weather station at an altitude(海拔)of 8,830 meters. The station helps Chinese scientists to directly collect data (数据) from the top of the world's highest mountain and study the effects of climate (气候) change on the environment. 

Collecting and studying data from Qomolangma is not easy. But the data will give valuable information about the condition of local glaciers（冰川）and mountain snow. The water from the glaciers and mountain snow has been the source(源头)for over 10 main rivers in Asia and it has fed more than 2. 5 billion people 

It will also help scientists study and understand the global monsoon system (全球季风系统),so experts can make proper decisions about climate change and sustainable(可持续的)development. 

With the efforts of Chinese government and many years hard work by scientists, China has become a global front—runner in fields related to the Qinghai —Tibetan Plateau. 

Boasting a long history, China is home to many famous paintings, which are now in the hearts of more than a billion people.

Nymph (仙女) of the Luo River—Gu Kaizhi

The legend has it that Cao Zhi fell in love with the governor's daughter. However, she married his brother and the prince became upset. Later, he wrote an emotional poem about the love between the goddess and common people. In the 4th century, Gu Kaizhi, a Chinese artist, was moved by the story and illustrated the poem.

Court Ladies Adorning (装饰) Their Hair with Flowers—Zhou Fang

During the Tang Dynasty, the genre (体裁) of "beautiful women painting" enjoyed popularity. Coming from a noble background, Zhou Fang created artworks in this genre. In his painting, the ladies stand as if they are fashion models, but one of them is entertaining herself by teasing a cute dog.

Along the River During the Qingming Festival—Zhang Zeduan

Zhang Zeduan depicted (描述) the landscape in his work. However, instead of concentrating on the vastness of nature, he captured the daily life of the people of Bianjing, present-day Kaifeng. His work shows much about life in the Northern Song Dynasty.

A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains—Wang Ximeng

Not only did officials and scholars enjoy listening to music, but they also found pleasure in depicting nature. One such painter was Wang Ximeng. He was a prodigy. Wang Ximeng painted A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains when he was only seventeen years old. He died several years later, but he left one of the largest and most beautiful paintings in Chinese history.

①Some people think that we aren't really able to form memories before our fourth or fifth birthdays. But scientists say this is untrue. They think we form memories at a very young age. However, the memories seem to change as we get older.

②Researchers in Newfoundland, Canada, interviewed 140 children aged between 4 and 13. First, they asked the children to describe their earliest memory and tell their ages. Next, they asked their parents to make sure the event actually happened. All the answers were recorded. The researchers waited for two years before they went back to the children and asked them again," What's your earliest memory?"

③Nearly all the children were aged between 4 and 7 in the first interview. They said something very different in the second interview. However, many of the children who were between 10 and 13 at the first interview described exactly the same memory in the second interview. This seems to suggest that our memories change in the early years, but at around the age of ten, they make the things that we remember fixed.

④The researchers are now looking into why children remember certain events and not others. We sometimes think that most first or early memories are about very stressful things that happened to us as children, because bad things stand out in our minds. But in this study, stressful things were only a small part of what the children said they remembered. More often, children's early memories were happy ones. The researchers are trying to work out the reasons. We can surely look forward to more fascinating discoveries about memories in the near future.