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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

人教版英语高一必修4 Unit 5 Theme parks同步练习

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项。

The marshmallow(棉花糖), a white, cottony, sweet confection (甜食)is synonymous(同义) with “temptation” in the US. This all began 50 years ago when psychologist Walter Mischel sat 5-year-old children down at a table and gave them a simple choice: they could eat one marshmallow now or, if they wait, receive two marshmallows later.

Mischel and his colleagues at Stanford wanted to understand the nature of self-control. If children could avoid eating the marshmallow over a set period of time, they were told they'd receive two as reward. If they couldn't resist temptation, they wouldn't get the second treat.


The Marshmallow Test became famous due to a remarkable discovery made some years later. Those children who were able to resist temptation for the reward of two marshmallows grew into adults who were more successful in school, work and relationships. They were also thinner, calmer, more sociable, better at managing their money, and less likely to be addicted to any substances.

It seems having the ability to wait for two marshmallows is quite important. In the US, there are “Don't Eat the Marshmallow!” T-shirts, and investment companies have used the marshmallow test to encourage retirement planning, according to The Atlantic.

Many people have interpreted the results of the Marshmallow Test to mean fate is predetermined by one's biology. But Mischel has just published a new book — The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control — which claims the true meaning of the experiments is just the opposite.

“The most important thing we learned is that self-control — the ability to regulate one's own emotions — involves a set of skills that can be taught, and learned,” Mischel told journalism website Vox.com. “They're acquirable. Nothing is predetermined.”

What's more, he says, these experiments provide concrete lessons about self-control we can use as adults. Grown-ups can use these methods to quit smoking, or stick to a diet, or save money.

Mischel and other psychologists argue that the battle between instant gratification (one marshmallow now) and long-term gratification (two marshmallows later) is really a battle between two different systems in the brain.

(1)、The purpose of the “Marshmallow Test” done by Mischel and his colleagues was_________.

A、to know the children's self-control ability B、to have a test about the children's quality C、to prove “resisting temptation” is a good quality D、to find some methods for adults to quit smoking, or save money
(2)、Why did the Marshmallow Test become famous some years later?

A、Because the test was a remarkable discovery. B、Because the experiment provided concrete lessons about self-control. C、Because the ones who resisted temptation in the test became more successful later. D、Because it proved the ability to wait for two marshmallows is quite important.
(3)、What does the underlined sentence in the 4th paragraph probably mean?

A、You should know that the marshmallow can't be eaten. B、You should know that the marshmallow tastes awful. C、It is just an interesting sentence, and has no real meaning. D、You need to wait, you need to resist temptation.
(4)、In Mischel's book The Marshmallow Test: Mastering Self-Control, he may tell us except ___________.

A、having the ability to wait for two marshmallows is quite important B、adults can use self-control to quit smoking, or stick to a diet, or save money C、personality is not predetermined by one's biology D、the ability of self-control can be taught, and learned
(5)、Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the text?

A、Mischel thought the Marshmallow Test proved that “fate is predetermined by biology”. B、The ability to regulate one's own emotions involves a set of acquired skills. C、Instant gratification and long-term gratification is a battle in the brain. D、Some parts of the brain allow us to control our attention.
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项

    A blocked airway(呼吸道) can kill someone in three to four minutes, but it can take more than eight minutes for an ambulance to arrive. So a simple procedure such as opening someone's airway can save their life while they're waiting for emergency medical help. This means you're more likely to give first aid to someone you know than a stranger.

    There are many misconceptions (误解) surrounding first aid. Below are the ‘most popular' ones with details of what you should do.

    You should put butter or cream on a burn. The only thing you should put on a burn is cold water — keep the butter for cooking. Put the affected area under cold running water for at least ten minutes.

    The best way to treat bleeding is to put the wound under a tap. If you put a bleeding wound under a tap you wash away the body's clotting agents(凝血剂) and make it bleed more. Instead put pressure on the wound with whatever is available to stop or slow down the flow of blood. As soon as possible call 999. Keep pressure on the wound until help arrives.

    Nosebleeds are best treated by putting the head back. If you put the head back during a nosebleed, all the blood goes down the back of the airway. Instead advise them to tilt(倾斜) their head forwards and ask the person to pinch(捏) the end of their nose and breathe through their mouth.

    You need lots of training to do first aid. You don't — what you mostly need is common sense. You can learn enough first aid in a few minutes to save someone's life — whether it's from a book, attending a course or watching videos online.

    Remember: anyone can save a life

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