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What are fossils?

    Fossils are the remains of plants or animals. For such remains to be considered fossils, scientists have decided they have to be over 10,000 years old. The word fossil comes from the Latin word “fossilis”, which means, “dig up”.  Fossils can be divided into “body fossils” and “trace(痕迹) fossils”. Body fossils are the remains of a plant or animal's body. Trace fossils are the remains of the activity of an animal, such as footprints, egg shells, and nests.

How are fossils formed?

    Some animals were quickly covered after their death by sediment(沉淀物) like earth, mud or sand. Over time, the parts of the animals that didn't rot (usually the harder parts like bones and teeth) were covered in the newly formed sediment. Then, a lot of chemical changes happened to the animals bodies. Water with minerals(矿物质) went into the bone and took the place of the chemicals in the bone with rock-like minerals. In the end we get a heavy, rock-like copy of the original object - a fossil. There weren't any changes in size and shape when an object changed into a fossil, but the fossil of a bone doesn't have any bone in it! It is chemically more like a rock! According to scientists, fossils have been found on every continent(大陆) on Earth.

    When the Audet family turns on the lights at Blue Farm, they are using electricity that comes from cows- cow manure(粪肥).

    Cows produce a lot of waste. One cow can create 30 gallons of waste each day. Now imagine the output of over 1,000 cows at Blue Farm. That's really a big amount.

    When farmers clean their barns, they put the waste together，and spread some of it on their fields for fertilizer(肥料). But now places like Blue Farm have a new way of using cow waste. They use it to produce electricity.

    Here's how it works: A big machine moves back and forth cleaning the barn floor. "The cows are animals of habit; they get used to it,and just lift one foot and then another to let it go by. "says Marie Audet.

    The machine pushes the manure into a big 600-gallon tank like a small swimming pool. The tank is called a digester(化粪池) because what happens there is just like what happens inside a cow: Bacteria(细菌) get to work and continue to digest the manure.

    Methane gas(甲烷;沼气) in the atmosphere is known as a "greenhouse" gas because it keeps heat just like a greenhouse does, causing our planet to warm up. That's an environmental concern. But the digester has a good result. Its gas is kept and used to power electric generators(发电机).

    At Blue Farm, the generators make enough electricity to power 400 homes. The Audet family sells the extra electricity they can't use themselves.

    My name is Bill. I1 inSun Junior High School. There are many2 in my school. In the front of my school is the3 building. It's a building for teachers. Behindit is the library building. It's my favorite place,4 Ilike reading. After school, I always read books or do my homework there.5 is the classroom building? It's next6 the library. Behind the library is a dinninghall. There are different7 of food like hamburgers, bread and vegetables.If students want to have lunch there, they8 pay(付款) 50yuan a week. There is a gym in my school, too. It's behind theclassroom building. My friends and I like playing games there. I9 like the teachers in my school. They are verykind. They often take us out to10 pictures or watch movies. We always have agood time.

Babies don't learn to talk just from hearing sounds. They are lip (嘴唇) readers too. It happens during the period when a baby's babbling (咿呀声) slowly changes from unclear voices into that first "mama" or "dada". The babies have to find out how to shape their lips to make the sounds they are hearing, according to developmental psychologist David Lewkowicz of Florida Atlantic University, who led the study.

Clearly it doesn't take them too long to understand the movements that match basic sounds. By their first birthdays, babies start changing back to look you in the eye again. It offers more clues that quality face-time with babies is very important for speech development more than, say, turning on the latest baby DVD. 

But Lewkowicz went a step further. He and his student Amy Hansen Tift tested nearly 180 babies, groups of them at ages 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months. How? They showed videos of a woman speaking in English or French to babies of English speakers. They found that when the speaker used English, the 4-month-old babies gazed (凝视) mostly into her eyes. The 6-month-old babies spent equal amounts (数量) of time looking at the eyes and the mouth. The 8-month-old babies and 10-month-old babies studied mostly the mouth. At 12 months, attention started changing back toward the speaker's eyes.

But what happened when these babies are used to English heard French? The 12-month-old babies studied the mouth longer, just like younger babies. They needed the extra information to understand the new sounds. That fits with research into bilingualism (双语) that shows babies' brains adjust (调整) themselves to tell the differences between the sounds of their first language over other languages in the first year of life.

The continued lip reading shows the l-year-old babies clearly still are fit for learning. Babies are so hard to study, says Duke University cognitive scientist Greg Appelbaum, who found the research so fantastic that he wants to know more.

Country music usually talks of everyday life and feelings. It's the spirit of America. It's easier to understand {#blank#}1{#/blank#}any other kind of music. Many songs tell about the{#blank#}2{#/blank#}of farmers. They talk about love, crops（庄稼）, life or death. 

The life of the countryside can be hard, so the words in country music are often{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. At first, people played the music only at family parties. In the 1920s, people played country music on the radio, and they made them{#blank#}4{#/blank#}records. When people in the countryside moved to cities to look for work, they{#blank#}5{#/blank#}their music with them. Country music became very popular across America soon. 

There is a normal(普通的) house on a normal Singapore street. It's small, {#blank#}1{#/blank#} there are 6,000 dolls in the house. Jian Yang is the owner of these dolls. He is {#blank#}2{#/blank#} man, but he has a special hobby. Jian Yang collects(收集) lots of Barbie dolls. He {#blank#}3{#/blank#}( like) all his dolls very much. He even calls the dolls" honey" and plays with {#blank#}4{#/blank#}( they).

Which {#blank#}5{#/blank#}( be) his favorite doll? Well, His favorite Barbie doll is his {#blank#}6{#/blank#}( one) Barbie doll. He bought it back {#blank#}7{#/blank#} January 1st, 1984. This kind of Barbie doll was also in a {#blank#}8{#/blank#}( real) interesting film called Toy Story.

His hobby is very expensive. His most expensive doll cost him 3,600 {#blank#}9{#/blank#}( dollar).

Do you like Barbie dolls? Do you want {#blank#}10{#/blank#}( have) a Barbie doll?