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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省临汾第一中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

    Fashions have a lot of rules. Most of them, however, are just wrong. But there's one rule that goes beyond tradition and into the field of scientific study of the brain: Black clothes are slimming. It all comes down to how your visual system processes the light. The below holes in each square are the same in size, yet the white hole looks bigger than the black hole.

    In the 1500s, Galileo Galilei noticed that some of the planets looked larger when viewed with the naked eye than they did when viewed through a telescope, making the white light of Venus appear eight to ten times larger than Jupiter in the night sky. He knew something strange must be going on with his vision to cause this illusion, but he wasn't sure what it was. Luckily, scientists never stopped wondering, and in 2014, they figured it out.

    Our visual system operates via two main channels: "on" neurons (神经元) that are sensitive to light things and "off" neurons that are sensitive to dark things. When it came to the dark "off" neurons, the researchers found that they responded predictably to dark shapes on a light background the greater the contrast between the two, the more active these neurons were. But the light on" neurons behaved unpredictably. Even with the same amount of contrast, light objects on a dark background caused a greater response in these neurons.

    This phenomenon makes some sense, evolutionarily speaking. In the dark of night, you'd want to be able to take in every bit of light you can get, so a visual system that enlarges light objects on a dark background could be very useful. However, it's not that hard to see dark objects in the light of day. It has some effects in the colors of your clothes and in the appearance of the planets—the brighter appearance of Venus in the night sky makes it look bigger than the darker Jupiter.

(1)、Which of the following might Galileo Galilei agree with?
A、The neurons led to the difference. B、There was something wrong with his telescope. C、The difference was caused by his visual illusion. D、Things were bigger when seen through telescopes.
(2)、What do we know about the "off" neurons?
A、They are sensitive to light objects. B、Their behavior can't be predicted. C、They behave differently from person to person. D、Their activeness improves with the contrast of colors.
(3)、What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A、The phenomenon makes people feel puzzled. B、People manage to take in every bit of light in the dark. C、The phenomenon is beneficial to people's evolution. D、Dark objects become smaller in the light of day.
(4)、What can be a suitable title for the text?
A、What visual illusions bring to people B、Why we look thinner when in black C、How we are affected by the fashion rules D、Whether people's visual system is different
举一反三
阅读理解

(Q = Question; A = Answer)

    Situation I

    Q: If someone sits right next to me in an empty movie theater, is it rude to move?

    A: Maybe, but nobody will fault you for it. Chances are that close sitter doesn't realize he disturbs you, so he may miss your annoyance. You undoubtedly aren't the first person he's met who needs enough room. Forgive his bad judgment, move quietly and enjoy the show.

    Situation II

    Q: If I use the bathroom at a store, do I need to buy something?

    A: Consider frequency and urgency. Is this a one-time or an emergency? If so, you don't have to buy anything, but it would be kind if you did. However, if you regularly use the bathroom at this place, then you are a customer, and you should act like one.

    Situation III

    Q: If someone is talking loudly on the bus, is there a nice way to ask him to keep it down?

    A: No. Try other means.1) Stare at him until he gets aware of it and quiets down. 2) Lift your finger in a silence motion(动作)and smile. 3) Put on earphones and ignore him.

    Situation IV

    Q: If I remember my friend's birthday a day late, should I apologize or just wish her a happy birthday like nothing happened?

    A: This is the reason why the word belated was invented. "Happy belated birthday!" is short for: "Well, I know I forgot, but then I remembered. Forgive me and happy birthday."

    Situation V

    Q: Can I lie about seeing a text because I was too busy or lazy to respond(回复) to it?

    A: Don't lie. Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it. Why waste a perfectly good lie when the truth will serve? "Yes," you can say if ever asked, "I saw it." No explanation is needed as to why you don't respond.

阅读理解

    Nowadays it's believed that the largest contributors to air pollution are gasoline vehicles. They not only give off harmful gases but also dangerous and heavy metal particles(微粒) that can result in environmental dangers. We can't stop using vehicles and thus stop air pollution right away. However, at least we can look for better replacements so that air pollution can be reduced. According to studies, hydrogen (氢)cars prove to be a better replacement for traditional cars.

    A hydrogen car is a vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel for its engine to work. There are two types of hydrogen cars. The first one is to use hydrogen as a fuel, and the second one is to use hydrogen fuel cells(电池) to provide power for the car. Hydrogen and oxygen react chemically with each other to produce electricity, thus starting the car.

    There are many advantages of hydrogen cars. For example, hydrogen is available in plenty. Therefore, you needn't worry about a lack of hydrogen. More importantly, no harmful gases are released as by-products .The only by-products are water and a little amount of heat so air pollution is prevented up to a large extent.

    However, there are also some problems with hydrogen cars. For instance, in case of damage, the cost of repairing and replacing fuel cells is high. Worse still, hydrogen is a material which can burn easily, so it can result in a huge explosion of the car.

    The concept of hydrogen cars is relatively new for most people. Research is still in progress to reduce disadvantages and increase advantages. Therefore, hydrogen cars are expected to contribute their bit towards making this planet better and healthier!

阅读理解

    My husband David was waiting at the door when our daughter Laura and I pulled in the driveway. It wasn't like him to be home so early. The disbelief on his face told me that something was up.

    "Do you still have a job?"

    "No. Redundant," he answered, looking away from me.

    "OK. We'll figure it out," I replied calmly.

    I actually had no idea how we were going to figure it out. I immediately started to think of how we'd cut costs and who we should start to get in touch with. That night, after David had fallen asleep, I cried myself to sleep, and frequently sobbed in the shower in the days that followed.

    I knew the loss of David's income would have great effect on us. He had worked for the same insurance company for twenty-one years and was our main income. I work at home caring for Laura, and my freelance(自由职业者的)income is uncertain. We have debts, and job hunting takes time.

    Still, I was more concerned about my husband's emotional state than our financial situation. David's sense of identity was tied to his job. He called his parents to tell them about losing his job, but didn't say a word to anyone else for weeks. He told me that he felt like "a failure".

It was tough for me to watch David struggle with unemployment. One night a couple of weeks after he lost his job, David woke me just before midnight, sweating, pacing the bedroom floor and saying he felt funny. We spent the night in the emergency room waiting to see if he had a heart attack. Thankfully, it was just a serious anxiety attack. It was then that I knew I needed to do more to understand what my husband was going through. Here is what I learned from my own experience—and from talking to experts—on how to support your spouse through a job loss.

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