- 二一组卷

题型：阅读选择题类：真题难易度：普通

浙江省宁波市2019年中考英语试卷

阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Big data (数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.

Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.

Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.

How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.

（1）、This reading is about ________.

A、what big data is and how it is used B、what schools and hospitals people like C、where important data is collected and stored D、how big data is controlled by governments and companies

（2）、One company uses weather information to ________.

A、help children in need B、know when people will visit the hospital C、find out who rides the bus or train D、understand when people will need ice cream

（3）、The main idea of Paragraph 3 is ________.

A、big data can be used for good reasons B、we can use big data in a number of ways C、big data can be used for both good and bad reasons D、we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick

（4）、The overall tone (总基调) of this reading is ________.

A、sad and personal B、personal and scientific C、informative but silly D、scientific and informative

举一反三

      There are many wetlands in China and some of them have become the world's important wetlands. The Chinese Yellow Sea Wetlands are among them. They are in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province. They are home for many different kinds of animals. The world's largest Milu Deer Nature Reserve is in them. More than 700 Milu deer live freely there. There are not many red-crowned cranes in the world, but every winter you can see some in the Red-crowned Crane Nature Reserve in the Yellow Sea Wetlands.
      The temperature in the wetlands is usually neither too high nor too low. There is a lot of rain and sunshine, too. They are really good places for wildlife. Offering(提供) food and home for some special kinds of animals is not the only reason why we need to protect wetlands. Wetlands are important because they also prevent flood. But some people want to change the wetlands to make more space for farms and less space for wildlife.
     Luckily, more and more people are beginning to realize the importance of wetlands and wildlife. Every year, on February 2nd, many activities are held to tell people more about wetlands.

    Our factories and homes burn coal and oil. Every year we have forest fires somewhere. Many scientists believe that the climate is changing.
The earth will perhaps be warmer by about 7 degrees centigrade. At the South Pole and the North Pole, the ice will melt (融化). The sea level (海平面) will rise by about 7meters. As a result, water will cover cities like London, Tokyo and New York. Some ports and towns along the coasts will disappear under water.
    Some other scientists think that the dust, smoke and pollution from coal, wood and oil fires will block out the sunrays(紫外线). Then the earth will become colder and great sheets of ice will cover Europe and North America.
    When chemicals in the air mix with rain, we have acid (酸) rain. Acid rain can bring us great harm. It destroys forests and kills life in lakes and rivers.
    People are beginning to see how serious the problem is. They find it important to work with nature instead of against it. They are trying to save the earth in many different ways. But one of the most important things to do is to make people understand that saving the earth is saving ourselves.

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。

All living things need energy to live and grow. This energy comes first from the sun. Plants use water and sunlight to make their own food. Animals can not make their own food, and they eat plants. Other animals then eat the plant eaters.

A food chain shows what eats what. It might show that zebras eat grass and then lions eat zebras.

Lions also eat other animals. Zebras eat other kinds of plants. So it takes more than one food chain to show how lions and zebras get their energy.

A food web shows how food chains work together. From it we can see how energy moves from plants to animals.

Plants and animals that live in hot, dry deserts depend on water as well as food. Creosote bushes have small leaves that hold water. Their seeds provide food and water for kangaroo rats. Kangaroo rats don't need to drink water. They get all the water they need from the plants they eat. Kangaroo rats keep cool by coming out only at night to look for food. Ringtail cats also come out only at night. Ringtail cats hunt and eat kangaroo rats. Coyotes eat both the kangaroo rats and the ringtail cats.

Nothing is wasted in a food wed. Vultures eat dead animals. Vultures are scavengers. Scavengers do not hunt and kill other animals to get food. They eat animals that are already dead. When a ringtail cat or a coyote dies, it makes a meal for the vultures. Scavengers do an important job in keeping the environment clean.

阅读理解

Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone(里程碑) in space exploration(探索). On Jan 3, Chang'e 4 became the first space probe(探测器) in history to land on the far side of the moon, People's Daily reported.
From Earth, we can only see one side of the moon. The other side has been a mystery. Scientists have long wondered what lies on this side of the moon.

Chang'e 4 has sent back photos of the far side of the moon. It is also used to carry out experiments, such as growing seeds in a low-gravity(低重力) environment. The data(数据) collected from these experiments could be used to help us build a base on the moon in the future.

The success of the Chang'e 4 mission(任务) is a main achievement for China's space program. It marks a new stage in China's deep space exploration, said Wu Yanhua, head of China National Space Administration.

China launched(启动) its lunar(月球的) exploration program in 2004, naming it Chang'e. Chinese scientists set three goals —“orbiting(环绕运行), landing and sample(样本) returning”— referring to launching probes that could circle around the moon, touch down on its surface and bring lunar materials back to Earth.

Chang'e 4 has realized the goal of landing. The third will be achieved during the Chang'e 5 mission, which is set to take place before the end of this year, China Daily reported.

Following the success of the Chang'e missions, Chinese scientists are looking even farther into our solar system (太阳系). China's first Mars(火星) mission is expected to be carried out by 2020, Wu said.

阅读短文，完成相应的任务。

Do you like playing cards? Do you know some interesting things about cards? The four suits(花色) mean four seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter. The two colours, red and black, mean day and night. The 52 cards mean the 52 weeks of a year. In every suit, there are 13 cards. It means 13 weeks in each season.

In China, people like to play "24" poket games. For example, if you get the four cards, you can play like this:

First, ten minus four is six.

Second, eight divide by two is four.

Then, six times four is twenty- four.

Is this fun? You can use "plus, minus, times, divide by" to make 24. Would you like to have a try?

用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确。每词仅用一次（每空一词）。

thank, find, be white, I

I lost a book and a watch in the school library. I must {#blank#}1{#/blank#} them. My school ID card {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in the book. The name on it is Lucy miller. The watch is {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Can you help me find them? My telephone number is 802-7823 and my e-mail address （地址）is Linda@sina.com. Please call {#blank#}4{#/blank#} or e-mail me. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

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