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题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

湖南省湘潭市2019届高三上学期英语第一次模拟考试试卷

阅读理解

    The origin of “holiday” is easy to see, coming from “holy day”, a day of particular religious significance, often celebrating the life of a saint (圣徒), during which no work was to be done. As far back as the 11th century, “holidays”, especially the major feast days, were times of “celebration and amusement”, as the Oxford English Dictionary puts it.

    The number of holidays steadily increased during the Middle Ages, until a medieval Englishman would have had the luxury of 40 to 50 days a year off work, depending on where he lived, in addition to a free day on Sundays.

    During the Reformation, Henry VIII abolished most of the holidays partly because of the Protestant (新教徒的) suspicion of saints, but more practically, because, according to historian Eamon Duffy, “A large number of holidays were making the people poor by limiting agriculture.” The people took a different view and organized a protest march—the Pilgrimage of Grace—partly to protect their days off.

    Though at first the religious and festive senses of holiday were combined, the word gradually came to be used for any kind of relaxing break from work. As the word was drawing away from a religious society, the number of authorized holidays was reduced, until by 1834 most workers had only four official days off a year, in addition to Sundays. Many factory workers amplified this time by staying home on “Saint Monday” to recover from what they had gotten up to the day before.

    By the late 19th century, employers were compromising and offering half-day Saturdays, the beginning of the “weekend”, a term first used in 1879. In 1908, an innovative mill in New England gave its employees all of Saturday off, and the practice spread widely during the Great Depression as a way to keep employment up. It took 400 years, but finally workers could enjoy as many holidays as they had in the 15th century.

(1)、What was the word “holiday” originally intended for?
A、Economy. B、Religion. C、Entertainment. D、Politics.
(2)、What's the main reason for Henry VIII's ending most holidays according to Eamon Duffy?
A、His people required a thorough reformation. B、He didn't believe in God and the saints. C、People took no interest in the agriculture due to them. D、Too many holidays stood in the way of the agriculture.
(3)、Which can best replace the underlined word “amplified” in paragraph 4?
A、lengthened B、wasted C、shortened D、guaranteed
(4)、When did most employees get the whole Saturday off?
A、In 1879. B、In 1908. C、During the Great Depression. D、In the 15th century.
举一反三
任务型阅读

    At long last, Stefano Boeri Architects' brilliant Bosco Verticale towers are finally completed. The “world's first vertical forest” consists of a fantastic pair of costly towers that add nearly 2.5 acres of lush vegetation to the sky line of Milan, a city notorious (声名狼藉的) for its air pollution. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Like a pair of green lungs, its forested appearance of 21,000 plants will absorb CO2, control noise pollution, lessen the urban heat island effect, and create oxygen and favorable micro-climates.

    The Bosco Verticale mixed-use towers are constructed with a $2.5 billion public-private investment as part of the re-development of Milan's Porta Nuova district. The towers, measuring 260 feet and 367 feet, house 800 trees between 9 and 30 feet tall, over 4,000 shrubs (灌木) and 15,000 ground cover plants. Bosco Verticale is created with LEED Gold Certification (绿色建筑黄金认证) in mind. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} 

    The buildings shrub have welcomed their first residents. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}  A fast-growing bird population has already begun to nest in Bosco Verticale's rich leaves, of which over a hundred different species of trees and shrubs are represented. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} 

    The superstructure is also selected for the world famous International Highrise Building Award as one of the five most beautiful and original high-rises in the world that is completed. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} 

A. “We take great pride in this project, which may earn us an award” says Boeri.

B. Boeri is currently in China, where he plans to build another Bosco Verticale project.

C. It is also equipped with a gray water recycling and irrigation system.

D. However, Bosco Verticale will be more than just a beautiful sight to enjoy.

E. “The real key to this project is biodiversity,” says Boeri.

F. It is also well received by the Chinese experts in the field.

G. But those families aren't the only ones to call the vertical forest home.

阅读理解

H.Y.B.ARTS CENTRE

WILD AT HEART

Running time: 127 mins.

Wed 6 -- Fri 8 February 6 pm

Tickets on sale 6: 30-7:30 pm

Director: David Lynch

Starring: Nicholas Cage, Laura Dern, willem Dafoe

CAGE and his girlfriend DERN are on the run through the dangerous Deep South. They are hiding from gunmen who have been hired to kill CAGE by DERN's mother. Victims, yes -- but they also have fun. Funny, frightening and brilliant.

DICK TRACY

Running time: 113 mins.

Mon 11 -- Sat 16 February 6 pm

Tickets on sale 5-6 pm

Director: Warren Beatty

Starring: Warren Beatty, Madonna

The famous detective tries to stop Big Boy and the Blank from taking over the city. A colourful and exciting film. Some parts are frightening, so think twice about taking children.

BATMAN

Running time: 126 mins.

Mon 11-Sat 16 February 8: 30 pm

Tickets on sale 7: 30-8: 30 pm

PIZZA PLUS offer 6-7 pm

Director: Tim Burton

Starring: Michael Keaton, Jack Nicholson

A few essential questions must be asked. Is Batman a mad hero? Why does Bruce Wayne spend millions dressing up as a bat? Has Nicholson's joker stolen the whole movie? Great action and excellent acting, especially by Nicholson.

TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES

Running time: 93mins.

Mon 18 -- Fri 22 February 6 pm

Tickets on sale 5-6 pm

Director: Steve Barron

If you've eaten Teenage Mutant Hero Turtle pizzas and then cleaned your teeth with a Teenage Mutant: Hero. Turtle toothbrush we need say no more. If not, then get in on the craze and see for yourself. The man-sized turtles fight their enemy, Shredder in an action-packed story.

阅读理解

    Angad Rekhi, a graduate student and an assistant professor of electrical engineering, has developed a wake-up receiver. This wake-up receiver has many potential applications, particularly in designing the next generation of net worked devices, including so called "smart" devices that can communicate directly with one another without human intervention (介入).

    Once attached to a device, a wake-up receiver listens for a unique ultrasonic(超声波)pattern that tells it when to turn the device on. It needs only a very small amount of power to maintain this constant listening, so it still saves energy overall while extending the battery life of the larger device. A well-designed wake-up receiver also allows the device to be turned on from a significant distance.

    Given the increased interest in networked devices, researchers and industry organizations are starting to define what features and techniques will become standard. Regardless of whether this ultrasound wake-up receiver is among these standard designs, it is likely wake-up receivers of some kind will be combined into commercial applications soon.

    By comparison, the ultrasound wake-up receiver requires a battery but has much greater range than the wirelessly powered devices, while still maintaining a long lifetime due to extremely low power draw. These two technologies-wireless power and wake-up receivers-would likely serve different purposes but both indicate at a turning point in devices that make up the Internet of Things.

    "In light of a long-promised future where interconnected, autonomous, widespread and unremarkable technologies make life easier, the networked devices available now, like video doorbells and app-enabled lights, seem like rather slight advances." the researchers said. They believe technologies like theirs could help cross the gap between the Internet of Things as we know it and the Internet of Things at its best-whatever that may be.

阅读理解

    A new study by Chinese researchers has found differences in the brain activity of men and women addicted(上瘾的)to Internet gaming.

    The study says addicted men have lower impulse control compared with women, indicating that men are more likely to become addicted to internet gaming.

    Researchers from Renji Hospital, which is connected with Shanghai Jiaotong University, recruited 105 Chinese participants for the study, which had two groups - one with 32 men and 23 women addicted to gaming, and the other with 30 men and 22 women who were not addicted.

    They completed a questionnaire for gaming addiction, and reported their gaming history and number of hours playing per week. Researchers also talked with their families to collect the information.

    Through FMRI (磁共振扫描), researchers found that men addicted to gaming had lower brain activity in the brain region associated with impulse control, than nonaddicted men. The lower the activity levels, the poorer the impulse control. Addicted women, however, showed no differences compared with the healthy female group.

    Researchers also studied the functional connectivity between brain regions, which were lower in men with addiction than in nonaddicted men, but showed no differences in the female groups.

    Although there are some limitations, the findings suggest that activity levels displayed in the brain region could be biomarkers to evaluate the behavioral inhibitions of gaming-addicted men, they said.

    Gaming disorder was listed as a mental disorder by the World Health Organization earlier this year. People with the disorder have impaired control over gaming and give it increased priority in their lives-to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other life interests and daily activities.

阅读理解

    A so-called “smart drug” intended to improve people's cognitive (认知的) function to protect the brain from altitude sickness.

    Visiting high-altitude sites for work, spot, religious pilgrimages and military can result in cognitive effects, including memory loss and attention difficulties. There's little you can do to prevent these symptoms except acclimatize -but this takes time and doesn't always work. A drug called oxiracetam might be the answer.

    ShengLi Hu at the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China and her colleagues studied the performance of male military personnel at altitude. All lived in towns around 1,800 meters above sea level, During the study, they spent eight days at this altitude and then climbed for three days to reach 4,000 meters, where they stayed for up to a month.

    Twenty participants took oxriacetam three times a day for the first 15 days of the study, while another 20 received no intervention. The man did tests of attention and memory at the start and end of the study and 20 days in, by which time they had been at 4,000 meters for nine days.

    While all the participants experienced a drop in cognitive ability at 4,00 meters, those who took oxiracetam showed a much smaller drop than the control group.

    The team found that at high altitude the brain stem, which plays a critical role in supporting basic living functions, received blood at the expense of areas responsible for more advanced cognitive functions. But in people who took oxiracetam, blood flowing throughout the brain rose, thus offering more oxygen to these areas. This may be how the drug seems to lessen cognitive problems like with low oxygen.

    It isn't yet known whether diverting blood in this way could have negative effects in the long run. "The results are striking and imply that oxiracetam may be beneficial for helping to relieve cognitive ability decline caused by altitude." says Timothy Hales at the University of Dundee, UK.

 阅读理解

Take one step closer to the lights on Broadwaybuild essential theater skills and start carving out your own creative professional path

Immersing themselves in the amazing, unparalleled New York theater scene, students will explore and analyze the craft, including creating an original piece and meeting professionals in the field. Throughout the term, students will use both classroom work and site visits around the downtown to examine and complete the creative process of taking an initial idea to production, gaining technical expertise (专业知识) and fluency in theater.

Students will also explore different areas of professional skill development, including playwriting structure and techniques, acting methods that help bring a play to life, scene structure. The course is open to all students-from those who are curious about the field but have no prior experience to those who already have one (or more!) plays, waiting to be developed.

Course Highlights

● Complete a hands-on experience in playwriting, acting and production, learning about the real processes the industry uses to create theater productions.

● Brainstorm, develop a concept, write and workshop a draft of a short play or scene, and bring it to stage with input and feedback from instructors and peers.

● Get a close-up view of the often-opaque (不透明的) business of theater, focusing on impacts to the profession brought about by social movements and current events.

Tuition*

● Residential Program (Students live in dorm-like facilities in the center of the city): $6,845

● Day Program (Students commute to class every day and do not receive accommodation and board): $5,560

(We encourage graduating seniors to apply before June 21, 2024 for a $425 discount on tuition.)

Term Date: July 21-Aug 2, 2024

Application Deadline: Friday, July 12, 2024

Contact Admission: info@nytedu.com

*We believe financial circumstances should not prevent someone from joining our program. Explore financial aid and scholarships.Learn More

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