After
reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and
grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank
with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that
best fits each blank.
We want
our children to succeed in school and, perhaps even more importantly, in life.
But the paradox(悖论) is that our children can only
truly succeed {#blank#}1{#/blank#} they first learn how to fail. Consider the finding that
world-class figure skaters fall over more often in practice than low-level
figure skaters. Why are the really good skaters falling over the most?
The reason
is actually quite simple. Top skaters are constantly challenging themselves in
practice. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (stretch) their limitations, they keep trying their best. They
fall over so often, but it is precisely why they learn so fast. Lower-level
skaters have a quite different approach. They are always attempting jumps they
can already do very easily, {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (remain) within their comfort zone. This is
why they don't fall over. In a superficial sense, they look successful, because
they are always on their feet. Never {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (fail) in practice prevents them
from making progress.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} is
true of skating is also true of life. James Dyson worked through 5,126
prototypes (原型) for his newest vacuum before
coming up with the design {#blank#}6{#/blank#} made his fortune. These failures were
essential to the pathway of learning. As Dyson put {#blank#}7{#/blank#}: "You can't
develop new technology unless you test new ideas and learn when things go
wrong. Failure is essential to invention."
In
healthcare, however, things are very different. Clinicians don't like to admit
to failure, partly because they have strongegos (自我) —particularly the senior doctors—and partly because they fear litigation (诉讼).
The consequence is that {#blank#}8{#/blank#} learning from failure, healthcare often covers
up failure. The direct consequence is that the same mistakes {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (repeat).
According to the Journal of Patient Safety, 400,000 people die every year in
American hospitals alone due to preventable error. {#blank#}10{#/blank#} healthcare learns to
respond positively to failure, things will not improve.
