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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山西省长治二中2018-2019学年高二上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    A recent study led by researchers from the National University of Singapore(NUS)has found a clear link between the color of a taxi and its accident rate. An analysis of 36 months of detailed taxi, driver and accident data from two fleets of yellow and blue taxis in Singapore suggested that yellow taxis have fewer accidents than blue taxis. The higher visibility (能见度)of yellow makes it easier for drivers to avoid getting into accidents with yellow taxis, leading to a lower accident rate.

    The study was led by Prof Ho. To test whether there was a causal relationship between the color of a taxi and the number of accidents the taxi had, the research team analysed data collected by the largest taxi company in Singapore. The researchers found that yellow taxis have about 6.1 fewer accidents per 1,000 taxis per month.

    The researchers also studied the economic effect of changing the color of the entire fleet of taxis to yellow. The Singapore taxi company involved in the study owns about 16,700 taxis in a ratio(比例) of one yellow to three blue taxis. If a commercial decision is made to switch from blue to yellow taxis, 76.6 fewer accidents would occur per month or 917 fewer accidents per year. Assuming an average repair cost of $1,000 per car and a downtime of six days, switching the color of all taxis to yellow could produce an annual savings of $2 million.

    “We are eager to continue to validate(证实) the findings of our study by looking at the use of yellow in other types of public transport, such as school buses. For instance, we hope to compare the accident rates of yellow school buses against other colors to find out if yellow is indeed a safer color for school buses. Besides, we are also interested to look at private-hire vehicles and do a comparison of the accident rates of vehicles that are of different colors,” explained Prof Ho.

(1)、Why do yellow taxis result in fewer accidents?
A、Because yellow can be seen more easily. B、Because yellow signals a warning of danger. C、Because drivers tend to be more careful in yellow taxis. D、Because people act more quickly in yellow surroundings.
(2)、What's Prof Ho's study based on?
A、Physical risks taxi passengers experience. B、The economic effect of changing taxi color. C、Data from Singapore's largest taxi company. D、Personal reports from taxi drivers worldwide.
(3)、What do Prof Ho's words in the last paragraph suggest?
A、School buses should be painted yellow. B、Their findings are worth popularizing. C、Yellow should be widely used in public transport. D、Their study will be furthered.
(4)、What can be the best title for the text?
A、Caution: yellow taxis ahead B、Safer to ride in yellow taxis C、Why are yellow taxis preferred? D、How can colors help prevent accidents?
举一反三
阅读理解

    Do you still remember your favorite poem from high school or some other important periods in your life?Why is it that decades later it still stands out in your mind?Probably the main reason is that some aspects of that poem resonates(引起共鸣)with you.In the same way,you too as a school leader can touch the hearts of your staff and students.

    Poetry allows us to experience strong spiritual connections to things around us and to the past.Thus,it can inspire whatever and whomever it touches.The power that poetry has displayed over time and across cultures actually satisfies this common need of the human heart and soul.

    As one of the oldest art forms,poetry has successfully connected various strands of humanity(人性)from one generation to another.Referring to poetry,Hillyer makes a simple yet meaningful statement,“With this key mankind unlocked his heart.”

    School leaders can find and make use of the value of poetry for themselves,their students and their staff members.Beyond the simple use of poetry,techniques of poetry such as metaphors,repetitions and imagery can be used to take advantage of the power of language to transform communication,create meaning and a culture of care and attention.

    Since schools are mainly about people and relationship,school leaders,like poets,are required to inspire and encourage the human heart.The use of poetry—or even of some techniques of poetry—in school leadership not only helps to improve communication,but also serves to meet the human need for inspiration.

阅读理解

    There are many weight loss products,plans and programs in the market.However,if most of these programs were effective,we would see obesity trends reversing,yet we are witnessing more and more people struggling with weight.

    Experiences of dieters regaining pre-dieting weight within 5 years are common.Therefore,a fitness program that works over a long period of time is something you should be looking for.Before reaching for your wallet or purse,make sure the program is exactly what it claims to be.

Professional endorsement(认可)

    A good program should not insist on offering pills, injections, powders or similar products that are not endorsed by a medically trained professional.You choice of programs should have been designed by a medically trained professional.

Unreallstic promises

    A good program should not make unrealistic promises,such as“To lose 5 pounds in a week,with no exercise!” Therefore,it is advisable to judge whether the promises being made are realistic.The plan should also have a high success rate of weight loss.

Qualification

    A weight loss program should consider the health of the applicants.It should consider their age,medical condition,gender,health background,medication and more,in order to make a plan that meets the needs of every applicant.A good program should include diet and exercise in order to promote permanent and good health.

Restriction

    A good program should not overly restrictive(限制的)on food allowances.Some programs ask you not to eat foods from the main nutrient food groups like fruit and vegetables.A successful weight loss plan,for most people,should not involve less than 1,200 calories per day.

Cost effective

    A long-term program does not have to cost you lots of money.An effective plan that is reasonably priced can save you a large sum of money that can be spent on other healthy habits.This car in turn improve your lifespan.

    We provide the best information about weight loss program.For further details please visit the provided links.

阅读理解

    Don't you hate it when someone snubs(冷落)you by looking at their phone instead of paying  attention? The word “Phubbing”, which comes from “phone” and “snub”, describes such behavior. With popularization of smart phones, we see a new "Phubbing" group everywhere in public places: in subway, restaurants, roads, people are checking the mobile phone, ignoring the people around completely. What is worrying us is that not only young people, but also the elderly and kids are getting addicted(上瘾)to Phubbing.

    On Dec 29th, a 28-year-old woman—a mother of two in Wenzhou, drowned after she fell into a river while looking at her mobile phone. A Pakistani man was killed on Dec 15th, 2015, after being hit by a fast moving train while trying to take a selfie (自拍)with it on the track. Last month, Justin, a college student was shot in subway in San Francisco, the U.S. The surveillance(监控)video showed that before Justin was killed, the killer pulled out the gun several times, and even wiped his nose with it. However, nobody noticed that. The surrounding passengers all focused on their cell phones.

    Phone is the tool for communication, but now it distances people and makes them separated from each other. Therefore, someone jokes “the furthest distance in the world is not the distance between life and death, but that you don't know I stand in front of you while you focus on the mobile.”

    Phubbing appears harmless; however, it does affect our life. 23-year-old Alex from Melbourne wrote in his blog: "I can no longer focus on what I am eating since I started twittering. My skill of food photography has improved very fast, while my interest in food drops a lot as a result."

阅读理解

    Luciano Baietti, a retired school headmaster from Italy, holds the Guinness record for the most university degrees. The 70­year­old currently has 15 bachelors(学士) or masters degrees from various universities across Italy, and is getting ready to get his 16th.

    Getting more than one college degree is not exactly unheard­of, but 15 is apparently quite impressive, since it's only been done by one man. Although he spends his days working around his house and garden, like most people his age, at night, Baietti turns into a student again. Every morning, at 3 a. m., he wakes up and studies by the light of his desk lamp.

    “Thanks to books, I feel free. After all, the words share the same root,” he says, referring to the Italian words libro(book) and libero(free). He is inspired by the 19th century French essayist Louis­Francois Berlin, whose portrait(肖像)is also on display in his study, alongside his many framed university degrees, and whom he describes as “a man of culture and knowledge”.

    Baietti first made it into the Guinness Book of Records in 2002, after his eighth degree. Then he spent the next 15 years adding seven more bachelors and masters degrees to his collection.

    “Each time I set myself a new challenge to see how far my body and my brain can go.” At 70 years old, Baietti thinks he has enough energy for at least one more degree, this time in food science.

    Probably the most important thing about Baietti's achievement is that he managed to get most of his university degrees while working as headmaster of a secondary school, and volunteering with Italy's Red Cross. The secret was always getting up at 3 in the morning to make sure that his thirst for knowledge didn't affect his professional activity and his family life. He spent 3 hours studying every day, and that was apparently all he needed to pass his exams and write his theses (论文).

阅读理解

    For decades, research has shown that children's book not only provide great pleasure to readers , but they can also play an important role in children's academic(学业上的)and social success. In 1974, researchers reported that sixth-grade children who had been read to form an early age developed into better readers and valued reading more than did sixth graders who had not been to, and they expected to continue reading throughout their lives. Others have determined that the more time children spend reading literature(文学作品), the better their reading and writing abilities become. Significant increases have been found in young children's comprehension and vocabulary skills, their understanding of sentence structure and story structure as a result of their being read to form an early age, either at home or in school. Children who have access to literature and stories in their homes have been found to learn to read more quickly, and have better attitudes toward reading. Teachers who provide time for continuous silent reading, who share books and discuss book authors with children during the school day, positively those children's reading outside school. And the National Assessment of Educational Progress that children who frequently read for enjoyment out of school are better readers.

    Because children's literature is so valuable to children, it should also be valuable to their teacher. And so it's unfortunate that something that can play such an important role in children's lives is often moved into a less than important role teacher education.

    This article discusses three important issues about the position of children's literature in teacher﹣preparation programs. They are:⑴Respect for children's literature content in teacher education. ⑵The value of children's literature as a powerful educational tool. ⑶Children's literature as an important literary form.

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    The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the "Gaokao" exam for high-flying Chinese students wishing to join its undergraduate courses in 2019.  High school students who complete the "National Higher Education Entrance Examination", or Gaokao, with top grades will be able to apply for direct entry onto Birmingham degree programmes without first completing a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman.

    Gaokao is usually taken by students in their last year of senior high school and, every year, each province in China sets the grades required to gain admission to its universities. It is usually held across China in early June.  Students are tested in Chinese, Mathematics, a Foreign Language and social sciences or natural sciences.

    University of Birmingham Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir David Eastwood said: "The University of Birmingham has been challenging and developing great minds for more than a century. We welcome people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research community. We are further opening access to Birmingham's wealth of education opportunities for the brightest and most dedicated Chinese students by accepting this strict and important qualification. I look forward to welcoming these high-flying students to the University of Birmingham. "

    Gaokao is increasingly accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe. Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language requirements.

    Professor J on Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said:" The University of Birmingham has a long history of educating students from China and one of our most famous graduates is Li Siguang-the founding father of Chinese geology. I am delighted that the University is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the brightest and best Chinese students an opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a global Top 100 university, such as Birmingham. "

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